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Books > Medicine > Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences > Anatomy
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The Motoneuronal Organization of the Spinal Accessory Nuclear Complex (Paperback, 1987 ed.)
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The Motoneuronal Organization of the Spinal Accessory Nuclear Complex (Paperback, 1987 ed.)
Series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, 103
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Though more than 300 years have elapsed since the first description
of the peculiar course of the spinal accessory (XI) nerve by Willis
(1664), the crucial problems concerning what is known as accessory
field of musculature and its innervation are still unsolved and a
matter of controversy. Like the bulbar XI, the spinal XI nerve is
commonly regarded as originally a branch of the vagus and,
therefore, as a cranial nerve (Fiirbringer 1897; Gegenbaur 1898;
Lubosch 1899). However, whether this nerve is of special visceral
or somatic derivation is still debated. The conventional
distinction between these function ally separate categories of
cranial nerves is based largely on two criteria, namely, the
position of the cranial nerve nucleus and the embryological
derivation of the muscles innervated by this nerve. Unfortunately,
little is known about the development of this accessory field of
musculature, and the evidence concern ing the position of the
spinal XI nucleus is contradictory. In fact, although the spinal XI
nerve is usually regarded as a purely efferent nerve belong ing to
the special visceral efferent group of cranial nerves and
innervating muscles derived from the branchial mesoderm, each of
these properties has been questioned. Consequently, the
classification of the nerve is still unset tled. Evidence in
support of a special visceral origin of the spinal XI nerve is
found in the phylogenetic history of the spinal XI nucleus.
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