PREFACE It is the object of the author to give in this book the
properties of gaseous, liquid and solid insulations, and methods of
utilizing these properties to the best advantage in the problems of
highvoltage engineering. Such problems require a knowledge, not
only of the laws and mechanism of breakdown of dielectrics as
determined by experiment, but also a simple working knowledge of
the dielectric circuit. Methods that have proved useful in
designing apparatus, transmission lines, insulators, bushings,
etc., are discussed and illustrated by practical application. In
addition, such subjects as the manner of making extensive
engineering investigations and of reducing data, the measurement of
high voltages, the effects of impulse and high-frequency voltages,
methods of draw- ing dielectric fields, outline of modern theory,
various dielectric phenomena, etc., are considered. In all cases
where laws and discussions of dielectric phenomena are given, it
has been thought best to accompany these with experimental data.
Much original work is given, as well as reference to other in-
vestigations. The authors extensive research was made possible by
facilities afforded by the Consulting Engineering Department of the
General Electric Company, for which acknowledgment is made. Thanks
are due Mr. H. K. Humphrey, and others, who have greatly assisted
in the experiments and calculations. SCHENECTADY, N. Y., April,
1915. 313777 F. W. P., JR. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v DIELECTRIC UNITS
xi TABLE OF SYMBOLS, xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. ..... v ... v
General discussion of energy transfer Experimental plots of
dielectric and magnetic fields Analogy between magnetic and
dielectric fields Analogy with Hookes Law. CHAPTER II THE
DIELECTRIC FIELD AND DIELECTRIC CIRCUIT 8 Mathematical
Consideration General treatment of the dielectric field and
dielectric circuit with discussion of principles used Parallel
planes Field between per- mittance, etc. Concentric cylinders
Permittance or capacity flux density and gradient Parallel wires
Principles used in superposition of fields determination of
resultant fields equation of equipotential surfaces, lines of force
and flux density permittance gradient and equigradient surfaces
Concentric spheres Spheres Two small equal spheres, field of, and
permittance two large equal spheres, gradient, permittance
Conditions for spark-over and local breakdown or corona Collected
formulae for common electrodes Combinations of dielectrics of
different permittivities Dielectric flux refraction Dielectric in
series Dielectric in multiple Flux control Imperfect electric
elastivity or absorption in dielectrics dielectric hysteresis.
CHAPTER III VISUAL CORONA 38 General Summary and Discussion
Appearance Chemical action A. C. and D. C. spacing and size of
conductor Laws of visual corona formation Theory of corona Electron
theory Air films at small spacings Aii density Measuring voltage by
corona Conductor material, cables, oil and water on the conductors,
humidity. lonization Wave shape, current in wire. Experimental
Study and Method of Reducing Experimental Data Tests showing the
effects of size and spacing of conductors Air density Temperature
Barometric pressure Strength of air films Effect of frequency
Conductor material, oil, water, dirt, humidity lonization Current
in wire Stranded conductors Split conductors...
General
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