The study of facial expression and its musculature undertaken by
Guillaume-Benjamin Duchenne de Boulogne in 1862, an attempt to
secure biological meaning in the natural language of the emotions,
resulted in the pioneering "Mechanisme du physiognomie humaine,"
Duchenne, who used photography to document his experiments,
inspired Charles Darwin's "Expression of the Emotions in Man and
Animals" (1872) and had a significant influence on artists (his
teachings were incorporated into the curriculum of the Ecole
Normale Superieur des Beaux Arts). Through Duchenne, Francois
Delaporte provides a remarkable philosophical and historical
examination of expressive physiology during the mid-nineteenth
century and considers the science of emotion as a means of
revealing inner life upon the surface of the face. The central
concern of "Anatomy of the Passions" is how techniques of studying
facial musculature became a point of contact between existing and
novel understandings of the body's expressive anatomy. Delaporte
shows that Duchenne entirely reordered the knowledge and limits of
expressive physiology in science and art. The face became a site
where the signs of inner life are silently revealed, not yet
betrayed by speech, but brought forth by reflexive physiology or by
technical manipulation.
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