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Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1988)
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Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1988)
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Honeybees are as small as flies or as large as hornets, nesting in
nar row cavities of trees and rocks or in the open on large limbs
of trees 30 m above ground. They occur in tropical zones and in the
forests of the Ural mountains, they survive seven months of winter
and even longer periods of drought and heat. Historically, they
lived through a extended time of stagnation in the tropics from the
mid-Tertiary, but then experienced an explosive evolution during
the Pleistocene, re sulting in the conquest of huge new territories
and the origin of two dozen subspecies in Apis mellifera. This vast
geographic and ecologic diversification of the genus Apis was
accompanied by a rich morphological variation, less on the level of
species than at the lowest rank, the subspecies level. Variation
being exclusively of a quantitative kind at this first step of
speciation, tradi tional descriptive methods of systematics proved
to be unsatisfactory, and honeybee taxonomy finally ended up in a
confusing multitude of inadequately described units. Effective
methods of morphometric-sta tistical analysis of honeybee
popUlations, centered on limited areas, have been developed during
the last decades. Only the numerical characterization of the
populations, together with the description of behavior, shows the
true geographic variability and will end current generalizations
and convenient stereotypes."
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