Henry of Ghent's Summa, art. 1-5, composed probably before 1276,
are the opening articles of Henry's grand masterpiece, his
Quaestiones ordinariae or Summa. This Summa was, from what Henry
himself indicated, to be in two sections: a section De Deo and a
section De creaturis, but the second part was never composed,
probably due to Henry's death in 1293. What has survived is an
"unfinished cathedral," as Bayerschmidt has described.
These opening articles are part of the "prolog" and they treat
epistemological issues such as skepticism and the very possibility
of human knowledge, divine "illustration," teaching, certitude,
knowledge of non entities, the desire for knowledge, and the nature
of study. This "epistemological" concern marked deeply the
development of thought in the High Middle Ages and influenced the
Franciscan, John Duns Scotus, and through Scotus, William of
Ockham.
The text of the critical edition is reconstructed based upon a
manuscript of Godfrey of Fontaines containing these articles which
was willed to the Sorbonne when Godfrey died. This manuscript seems
to have been composed in the very school of Henry. Other
manuscripts which were used were two that may have been copied from
the apograph, three copied from the first Parisian exemplar divided
into pieces (peciae), and two copied from a second exemplar.
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