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Rebellion and Savagery - The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire (Hardcover)
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Rebellion and Savagery - The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the British Empire (Hardcover)
Series: Early American Studies
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In the summer of 1745, Charles Edward Stuart, the grandson of
England's King James II, landed on the western coast of Scotland
intending to overthrow George II and restore the Stuart family to
the throne. He gathered thousands of supporters, and the
insurrection he led-the Jacobite Rising of 1745-was a crisis not
only for Britain but for the entire British Empire. Rebellion and
Savagery examines the 1745 rising and its aftermath on an imperial
scale. Charles Edward gained support from the clans of the Scottish
Highlands, communities that had long been derided as primitive. In
1745 the Jacobite Highlanders were denigrated both as rebels and as
savages, and this double stigma helped provoke and legitimate the
violence of the government's anti-Jacobite campaigns. Though the
colonies stayed relatively peaceful in 1745, the rising inspired
fear of a global conspiracy among Jacobites and other suspect
groups, including North America's purported savages. The defeat of
the rising transformed the leader of the army, the Duke of
Cumberland, into a popular hero on both sides of the Atlantic. With
unprecedented support for the maintenance of peacetime forces,
Cumberland deployed new garrisons in the Scottish Highlands and
also in the Mediterranean and North America. In all these places
his troops were engaged in similar missions: demanding loyalty from
all local inhabitants and advancing the cause of British
civilization. The recent crisis gave a sense of urgency to their
efforts. Confident that "a free people cannot oppress," the leaders
of the army became Britain's most powerful and uncompromising
imperialists. Geoffrey Plank argues that the events of 1745 marked
a turning point in the fortunes of the British Empire by creating a
new political interest in favor of aggressive imperialism, and also
by sparking discussion of how the British should promote
market-based economic relations in order to integrate indigenous
peoples within their empire. The spread of these new political
ideas was facilitated by a large-scale migration of people involved
in the rising from Britain to the colonies, beginning with hundreds
of prisoners seized on the field of battle and continuing in
subsequent years to include thousands of men, women and children.
Some of the migrants were former Jacobites and others had stood
against the insurrection. The event affected all the British
domains.
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