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The German Conception of History (Paperback, Revised edition)
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The German Conception of History (Paperback, Revised edition)
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This is the first comprehensive critical examination in any
language of the German national tradition of historiography. It
analyzes the basic theoretical assumptions of the German historians
of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and relates these
assumptions to political thought and action.
The German national tradition of historiography had its beginnings
in the reaction against the Enlightenment and the French Revolution
of 1789. This historiography rejected the rationalistic theory of
natural law as universally valid and held that all human values
must be understood within the context of the historical flux. But
it maintained at the same time the Lutheran doctrine that existing
political institutions had a rational basis in the will of God,
though only a few of these historians were unqualified
conservatives. Most argued for liberal institutions within the
authoritarian state, but considered that constitutional liberties
had to be subordinated to foreign policy - a subordination that was
to have tragic results.
Mr. Iggers first defines Historismus or historicism and analyzes
its origins. Then he traces the transformation of German historical
thought from Herder's cosmopolitan culture-oriented nationalism to
exclusive state-centered nationalism of the War of Liberation and
of national unification. He considers the development of
historicism in the writings of such thinkers as von Humboldt,
Ranke, Dilthey, Max Weber, Troeltsch, and Meinecke; and he
discusses the radicalization and ultimate disintegration of the
historicist position, showing how its inadequacies contributed to
the political debacle of the Weimar Republic and the rise of
National Socialism. No one who wants to fully understand the
political development of national Germany can neglect this study.
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