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Books > History > European history > From 1900 > Second World War > The Holocaust
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Humanitarians at War - The Red Cross in the Shadow of the Holocaust (Paperback)
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Humanitarians at War - The Red Cross in the Shadow of the Holocaust (Paperback)
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From the brink of dissolution in 1945 to the triumph of the Geneva
Conventions in 1949, via the Nuremberg Trials, runaway Nazis, and
furious battles with communist critics on the eve of the Cold War,
this is the intriguing and remarkable story of the International
Red Cross - and how it survived its ambiguous relationship with the
Nazis during the Second World War. The Geneva-based International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is one of the world's oldest,
most prominent, and revered aid organizations. But at the end of
World War II things could not have looked more different. Under
fire for its failure to speak out against the Holocaust or to
extend substantial assistance to Jews trapped in Nazi camps across
Europe, the ICRC desperately needed to salvage its reputation in
order to remain relevant in the post-war world. Indeed, the whole
future of Switzerland's humanitarian flagship looked to hang in the
balance at this time. Torn between defending Swiss neutrality and
battling Communist critics in the early Cold War, the Red Cross
leadership in Geneva emerged from the world war with a new
commitment to protecting civilians caught in the crossfire of
conflict. But they did so while defending former Nazis at the
Nuremberg Trials and issuing travel papers to many of Hitler's
former henchmen. These actions did little to silence the ICRC's
critics, who unfavourably compared the 'shabby' neutrality of the
Swiss with the 'good' neutrality of the Swedes, their eager rivals
for leadership in international humanitarian initiatives. In spite
of all this, by the end of the decade, the ICRC had emerged
triumphant from its moment of existential crisis, navigating the
new global order to reaffirm its leadership in world humanitarian
affairs against the challenge of the Swedes, and playing a
formative role in rewriting the rules of war in the Geneva
Conventions of 1949. This uncompromising new history tells the
remarkable and intriguing story of how the ICRC achieved this -
successfully escaping the shadow of its ambiguous wartime record to
forge a new role and a new identity in the post-1945 world.
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