"Polygraphy;' "lie detection;' and the "detection of deception" are
all terms that refer to an application of the science of
psychophysiology, which itself employs physiological measures to
study and differentiate between psychological processes. The issues
raised by polygraphy are controversial. One such issue is whether
the polygraph is a genuinely scientifically based application, or
merely a purported application, of psychophysiology. Such concerns
are of interest not only to polygraph practitioners and to
specialists in psychophysiology, but also to such other specialists
as those in the legal and forensic professions. Moreover, there are
two sorts of nonspecialists who should also be concerned. On the
one hand, there are the potential "users" of the polygraph-for
example, a manager who employs a polygrapher to check on
subordinates; on the other hand, there are those "used by" the
polygraph - the employee who is subjected to the poly graphic
examination. To begin with the user of the polygraph, this person
should know not only about its overall accuracy, but also about the
rationales of the various detection methods and their validity for
different purposes in different sorts of situations. This infor
mation is important, because even for the potential user there are
costs as well as benefits. Aside from the lack of trust generated
by the polygraph, there have also been successful suits by
employees against employers, so there are traps in polygraph usage
that employers (and managers) need to keep in mind."
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