"Another Reason" is a bold and innovative study of the intimate
relationship between science, colonialism, and the modern nation.
Gyan Prakash, one of the most influential historians of India
writing today, explores in fresh and unexpected ways the
complexities, contradictions, and profound importance of this
relationship in the history of the subcontinent. He reveals how
science served simultaneously as an instrument of empire and as a
symbol of liberty, progress, and universal reason--and how, in
playing these dramatically different roles, it was crucial to the
emergence of the modern nation.
Prakash ranges over two hundred years of Indian history, from
the early days of British rule to the dawn of the postcolonial era.
He begins by taking us into colonial museums and exhibitions, where
Indian arts, crafts, plants, animals, and even people were
categorized, labeled, and displayed in the name of science. He
shows how science gave the British the means to build railways,
canals, and bridges, to transform agriculture and the treatment of
disease, to reconstruct India's economy, and to transfigure India's
intellectual life--all to create a stable, rationalized, and
profitable colony under British domination.
But Prakash points out that science also represented freedom of
thought and that for the British to use it to practice despotism
was a deeply contradictory enterprise. Seizing on this
contradiction, many of the colonized elite began to seek parallels
and precedents for scientific thought in India's own intellectual
history, creating a hybrid form of knowledge that combined western
ideas with local cultural and religious understanding. Their work
disrupted accepted notions of colonizer versus colonized, civilized
versus savage, modern versus traditional, and created a form of
modernity that was at once western and indigenous.
Throughout, Prakash draws on major and minor figures on both
sides of the colonial divide, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal
Nehru, the nationalist historian and novelist Romesh Chunder Dutt,
Prafulla Chandra Ray (author of "A History of Hindu Chemistry"),
Rudyard Kipling, Lord Dalhousie, and John Stuart Mill. With its
deft combination of rich historical detail and vigorous new
arguments and interpretations, "Another Reason" will recast how we
understand the contradictory and colonial genealogy of the modern
nation.
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