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Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period - 1918-1940 (Hardcover, New)
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Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period - 1918-1940 (Hardcover, New)
Series: Praeger Studies of Foreign Policies of the Great Powers
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Italy emerged from the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 with the
feeling that it had been denied its just rewards by ungrateful
allies and that its victory was thus mutilated. Integrating this
vengefulness into his diplomacy in the 1920s, Mussolini undertook a
policy of selected treaty revision aimed at the breakup of the
newly created state of Yugoslavia through covert operations. These
stratagems proved futile. Ignoring the threat posed by Nazi
Germany's obvious determination to annex Austria, whose continued
independence was key to Italy's security in Europe, Mussolini
successfully invaded Ethiopia in October 1935, with only lukewarm
opposition from France and Britain. Subsequently, in July 1936, he
unwisely intervened on the side of the insurgent general Francisco
Franco against the Republican government in Madrid. Instead of the
expected speedy victory, Italy got bogged down in a prolonged civil
war, which rendered Mussolini even more dependent on Nazi Germany.
To preserve his standing in Berlin, he did not lift a finger when
the Third Reich marched into Austria in 1938. Convinced of the
growing decadence of the Western democracies, Mussolini turned to
forge the Rome-Berlin Axis. But given Italy's military weakness,
Mussolini was bound to be Hitler's junior partner. When the Duce
talked of turning the Mediterranean Sea into an Italian lake in
February 1939, he found himself trapped in Hitler's military iron
cage. Parity in the Axis was the Duce's own peculiar myth. When
Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Mussolini declared
nonbelligerency since he was in no position to wage war. He
intended to bide his time in order to see who would win or, in the
event of a stalemate, to step in as a mediator. But when the Nazi
steamroller crushed France, Mussolini felt he had only one
option—war on the side of Germany. By tying himself to Hitler's
war chariot, Mussolini sacrificed the national interests of his
country and doomed his Fascist regime to ultimate destruction.
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