Why a new approach is needed in the quest for general artificial
intelligence.Since the inception of artificial intelligence, we
have been warned about the imminent arrival of computational
systems that can replicate human thought processes. Before we know
it, computers will become so intelligent that humans will be lucky
to kept as pets. And yet, although artificial intelligence has
become increasingly sophisticated--with such achievements as
driverless cars and humanless chess-playing--computer science has
not yet created general artificial intelligence. In Algorithms Are
Not Enough, Herbert Roitblat explains how artificial general
intelligence may be possible and why a robopocalypse is neither
imminent, nor likely. Existing artificial intelligence, Roitblat
shows, has been limited to solving path problems, in which the
entire problem consists of navigating a path of choices--finding
specific solutions to well-structured problems. Human
problem-solving, on the other hand, includes problems that consist
of ill-structured situations, including the design of
problem-solving paths themselves. These are insight problems, and
insight is an essential part of intelligence that has not been
addressed by computer science. Roitblat draws on cognitive science,
including psychology, philosophy, and history, to identify the
essential features of intelligence needed to achieve general
artificial intelligence. Roitblat describes current computational
approaches to intelligence, including the Turing Test, machine
learning, and neural networks. He identifies building blocks of
natural intelligence, including perception, analogy, ambiguity,
common sense, and creativity. General intelligence can create new
representations to solve new problems, but current computational
intelligence cannot. The human brain, like the computer, uses
algorithms; but general intelligence, he argues, is more than
algorithmic processes.
General
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