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Horizons in Cancer Research - Volume 70 (Hardcover)
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Horizons in Cancer Research - Volume 70 (Hardcover)
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Progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a main cause of its
morbidity and mortality. CRC progression is characterized by
increased growth of the primary carcinoma as well as lymphatic and
haematogenic spread. The microenvironment of primary or circulating
and disseminated tumor cells seems to be essential in all steps of
the metastatic process of CRC. Therefore, the authors suggest that
cancer-associated cellular stroma evolving from the extracellular
matrix should be crucially integrated with CRC diagnosis, staging
and treatment. Following this, a short review focuses on the
immunohistochemical findings and the molecular signaling pathways
during the development from chronic inflammation to Kaposis sarcoma
formation. Kaposis sarcoma is a multifocal neoplasm characterized
by deregulated neoangiogenesis, proliferation of spindle cells with
infiltrated inflammatory cells and erythrocytes in the skin and
visceral organs. The papillary thyroid carcinoma from tall cells
(tall cell variant, TCV) was first described by Hawk and Hazard in
1976. 162 such cases were published in the world literature prior
to 2000. This is a rare tumor with a frequency of 1-2 cases per
million people in Europe and the US. Taking into account the
histological pattern, immunophenotype and the results of molecular
genetic research, additional differential diagnostic criteria for
papillary thyroid cancer from tall cells with transformation into
anaplastic carcinoma have been proposed. Cervical cancer is mainly
caused by infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus
(HPV), especially type 16. In this collection, the authors present
a study which reveals that HPV16E6 protein induces COX-2 gene and
protein expression through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in
association with the increase of PGE2-EP4 receptor leading to
promote carcinogenesis. False positive and false negative diagnoses
in focal carcinomas of the prostate represents one of the most
common and significant problems in daily practice. Thus, the
authors conclude with a summary of the criteria of greatest value
to establish the diagnosis of carcinoma when only some neoplastic
glands are found. These focal adenocarcinomas have been termed
limited, minimal, minimal volume carcinoma and microcarcinomas.
Although most are unique, they may occasionally be found in other
sites on the same biopsy, in subsequent biopsies, or in
prostatectomy products.
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