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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Oncology
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Horizons in Cancer Research - Volume 71 (Hardcover)
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Horizons in Cancer Research - Volume 71 (Hardcover)
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Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 71 begins by reviewing the
histopathological features of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
and its precursor lesions, risk factors for head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma including viral infection, chemical carcinogenic and
ethnic predisposition. New knowledge about major pathways and
signaling is also presented. Next, the clinical development of PD-1
and PD-L1 inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to
date is reviewed with a focus on phase I-III clinical trials. The
authors also discuss future considerations and strategies to
optimize the benefits of this class of immunotherapeutic agents.
Glioblastoma multiforme, the most deadly primary brain tumor in
adults, is studied in the following chapter. Various studies show
that only 3-5% of glioblastoma patients survive longer than 3 years
and nearly 100% of all tumors recur due to therapy resistance. The
most challenging aspect in the treatment of glioblastomas is the
invasive nature of the tumor cells to the surrounding brain tissue.
Current forms of treatment for glioblastoma allow for short-term
survival, reflecting an urgent need for the development of a new
form of treatment. The authors also present the cellular and
molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma underlying the evasion of
treatment, rationale for using novel therapeutics currently
undergoing clinical trials, and explore promising molecular targets
for the development of future therapeutics. This collection goes on
to demonstrate the importance of TNF-alpha and its receptors in
malignant gynecological and breast neoplasms, the immunological
mechanisms in these neoplasms, and the role as possible future
targets in the treatment. Information about the mechanisms of c-Myc
are presented in order to update previous studies to discuss some
of the current paradigms and provide a basis for future studies.
c-Myc is a regulator gene that codes for a transcription factor,
and it is important for many multidirectional cellular functions.
In one study, the structural, energetic, spectroscopic and
electronic properties of organometallic Ru(II) complexes of the
general formula [( 6-arene)Ru(XY)Cl]Z (XY is N,N-(diamine), N,O- or
O,O cheating ligands, Z = PF6 anion) were calculated by means of
density functional theory electronic structure calculations. These
complexes, adopting a piano-stool geometry, are potent anticancer
agents and their anticancer activity against various types of
cancers has already been investigated. In the closing contribution,
the authors outline the guidelines for sentinel lymph node biopsy
in the management of thin melanoma on the basis of its histogenetic
features. A histogenetic conception and an uncertain malignant
potential appear to be the most significant discriminants on
whether or not to perform the biopsy.
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