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Retrieving Realism (Hardcover)
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Retrieving Realism (Hardcover)
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"A picture held us captive," writes Wittgenstein in the
Philosophical Investigations, describing the powerful image of mind
that underlies the modern epistemological tradition from Descartes
onward. Retrieving Realism offers a radical critique of the
Cartesian epistemic picture that has captivated philosophy for too
long and restores a realist view affirming our direct access to the
everyday world and to the physical universe. According to
Descartes, knowledge exists in the form of ideas in the mind that
purportedly represent the world. This "mediational"
epistemology-internal ideas mediating external reality-continues to
exert a grip on Western thought, and even philosophers such as
Quine, Rorty, and Davidson who have claimed to refute Descartes
remain imprisoned within its regime. As Hubert Dreyfus and Charles
Taylor show, knowledge consists of much more than the explicit
representations we formulate. We gain knowledge of the world
through bodily engagement with it-by handling things, moving among
them, responding to them-and these forms of knowing cannot be
understood in mediational terms. Dreyfus and Taylor also contest
Descartes's privileging of the individual mind, arguing that much
of our understanding of the world is necessarily shared. Once we
deconstruct Cartesian mediationalism, the problems that Hume, Kant,
and many of our contemporaries still struggle with-trying to prove
the existence of objects beyond our representations-fall away, as
does the motivation for nonrealist doctrines. We can then begin to
describe the background everyday world we are absorbed in and the
universe of natural kinds discovered by science.
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