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APC Proteins (Hardcover, 2009 ed.)
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APC Proteins (Hardcover, 2009 ed.)
Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 656
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The initial identification of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)
gene as the site of mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis (FA
P) was described in 1992. A causal relationship between Apc
mutations and intestinal tract tumours was confirmed three years
later with the establishment of the Min mouse model. These mice are
heterozygous for Apc and develop numerous intestinal tumours that
mimic FA P. Subsequently, Apc has emerged as the most commonly
mutated gene in colorectal cancer with reports varying between
50-80% of sporadic tumours carrying such mutations. The search for
how mutations in Apc initiate and/or support progression of tumours
in the intestinal tract has revealed that the Apc protein is a
multifunctional participant in a diverse array of cellular
functions. By collecting and assembling the chapters in this book,
we aimed to provide an overview of the diverse functions performed
by the Apc protein. As summarised in a short final chapter by
Trainer, heterozygosity of Apc leads to a number of extracolonic
manifestations that further support this emerging picture of the
Apc protein as an active contributor to many different cellular
functions. The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt
signalling. This function is one of the driving forces for how
mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of
the molecular details of this pathway have been discovered and are
described in the first chapter by Kennell and Cadigan. The
transcriptional changes that result from Apc mutations due to
changes in the transcriptional contribution of -catenin are
exacerbated by direct functions of Apc in the nucleus, which are
discussed by Neufeld. The transcriptional changes induced by mutant
Apc provide the background against which other cellular functions
of Apc become particularly important in the digestive tract
epithelium. Cell migration contributes significantly to the normal
maintenance of this tissue, a
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