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Health Standards for Long Duration and Exploration Spaceflight - Ethics Principles, Responsibilities, and Decision Framework (Paperback)
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Health Standards for Long Duration and Exploration Spaceflight - Ethics Principles, Responsibilities, and Decision Framework (Paperback)
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Since its inception, the U.S. human spaceflight program has grown
from launching a single man into orbit to an ongoing space presence
involving numerous crewmembers. As the U.S. space program evolves,
propelled in part by increasing international and commercial
collaborations, long duration or exploration spaceflights - such as
extended stays on the International Space Station or missions to
Mars - become more realistic. These types of missions will likely
expose crews to levels of known risk that are beyond those allowed
by current health standards, as well as to a range of risks that
are poorly characterized, uncertain, and perhaps unforeseeable. As
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and
Congress discuss the next generation of NASA's missions and the
U.S. role in international space efforts, it is important to
understand the ethical factors that drive decision making about
health standards and mission design for NASA activities. NASA asked
the Institute of Medicine to outline the ethics principles and
practices that should guide the agency's decision making for future
long duration or exploration missions that fail to meet existing
health standards. Health Standards for Long Duration and
Exploration Spaceflight identifies an ethics framework, which
builds on the work of NASA and others, and presents a set of
recommendations for ethically assessing and responding to the
challenges associated with health standards for long duration and
exploration spaceflight.As technologies improve and longer and more
distant spaceflight becomes feasible, NASA and its international
and commercial partners will continue to face complex decisions
about risk acceptability. This report provides a roadmap for
ethically assessing and responding to the challenges associated
with NASA's health standards for long duration and exploration
missions. Establishing and maintaining a firmly grounded ethics
framework for this inherently risky activity is essential to guide
NASA's decisions today and to create a strong foundation for
decisions about future challenges and opportunities. Table of
Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 NASA Risk Management
and Health Standards 3 Health Risks 4 Risk Acceptance and
Responsibilities in Human Spaceflight and Terrestrial Activities 5
Recommendations for Ethics Principles 6 Recommendations for Ethics
Responsibilities and Decision Framework Appendix A: Meeting Agendas
Appendix B: Committee Biographical Sketches
General
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