Can there be universal moral principles in a culturally and
religiously diverse world? Are such principles provided by a theory
of natural law? Jacques response to both questions is "yes".
These essays, selected from the writings of one of the most
influential philosophers of the past hundred years, provide a clear
statement of Maritain's theory of natural law and natural rights.
Maritain's ethics and political philosophy occupies a middle ground
between the extremes of individualism and collectivism. Written
during a period when cultural diversity and pluralism were
beginning to have an impact on ethics and politics, these essays
provide a defense of natural law and natural right that continues
to be timely.
The first essay introduces Maritain's theory of connatural
knowledge -- knowledge by inclination -- that lies at the basis of
his distinctive views on moral philosophy, aesthetics, and mystical
belief. The second essay gives Maritain's principal metaphysical
arguments for natural law as well as his account of how that law
can be naturally known and universally held.
The third essay in this collection explains the roots of the
natural law and shows how it provides a rational foundation for
other kinds of law and for human rights. In the fourth essay,
reflecting his personalism and integral humanism, Maritain
indicates how he extends his understanding of human rights to
include the rights of the civic and of the social or working
person.
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