Henry Cavendish (1731 1810), the grandson of the second duke of
Devonshire, wrote papers on electrical topics for the Royal
Society, but the majority of his electrical experiments did not
become known until they were collected and published by James Clerk
Maxwell a century later, in 1879, long after other scientists had
been credited with the same results. Among Cavendish's discoveries
were the concept of electric potential, which he called the 'degree
of electrification'; an early unit of capacitance, that of a sphere
one inch in diameter; the formula for the capacitance of a plate
capacitor; the concept of the dielectric constant of a material;
the relationship between electric potential and current, now called
Ohm's Law; laws for the division of current in parallel circuits,
now attributed to Charles Wheatstone; and the inverse square law of
variation of electric force with distance, now called Coulomb's
Law.
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