Drawing from a wide range of Uzbek and Russian sources, James
Critchlow analyzes significant developments leading up to
Uzbekistan's declaration of sovereignty and examines the outlook
for the republic's emergence as an independent international
player. The author's primary focus is on the Uzbek elites'
attitudes and their efforts to throw off Moscow's hegemony by using
popular grievances to mobilize mass support against the central
Soviet government.
Critchlow traces local grievances to two roots. The first is
Uzbekistan's decades-long economic exploitation by Moscow through
the imposition of an intensive cotton monoculture, the accumulated
effects of which have been massive environmental degradation,
illness, and death. The second is the central government's failure
to adequately compensate Uzbekistan for these hardships and for the
republic's overall contribution to the Soviet economy, while having
further impoverished Uzbeks by limiting the range of their cultural
and political expression. Among the manifestations of Uzbek
resistance explored here are protests against russification and
compulsory military conscription; persistent and open adherence to
religious traditions; and loyalty above all to local political,
ethnic, and family ties-- which frequently has led Moscow to charge
the republic's leadership with "nepotism" and "corruption".
Now that their campaign for sovereignty has triumphed, will
Uzbek leaders be able to solve the knotty political and economic
problems their republic still faces? The analysis offered here
illuminates this question and suggests possible answers.
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