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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Analytical chemistry > Qualitative analytical chemistry > Chemical spectroscopy, spectrochemistry
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Reflectance Spectroscopy - Principles, Methods, Applications (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1969)
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Reflectance Spectroscopy - Principles, Methods, Applications (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1969)
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Reflectance spectroscopy is the investigation of the spectral
composi tion of surface-reflected radiation with respect to its
angularly dependent intensity and the composition of the incident
primary radiation. Two limiting cases are important: The first
concerns regular (specular) reflection from a smooth surface, and
the second diffuse reflection from an ideal matte surface. All
possible variations are found in practice between these two
extremes. For the two extreme cases, two fundamentally different
methods of reflectance spectroscopy are employed: The first of
these consists in evaluating the optical constants n (refractive
index) and x (absorption index) from the measured regular
reflection by means of the Fresnel equations as a function of the
wave A. This rather old and very troublesome procedure, which is
length incapable of very accurate results, has recently been
modified by Fahren fort by replacing the air-sample phase boundary
by the phase boundary between a dielectric of higher refractive
index (n ) and the sample (n ). 1 2 If the sample absorbs no
radiation and the angle of incidence exceeds a certain definite
value, total reflection occurs. On close optical contact between
the two phases, a small amount of energy is transferred into the
less dense phase because of diffraction phenomena at the edges of
the incident beam. The energy flux in the two directions through
the phase boundary caused by this is equal, however, so that 'total
reflection takes place."
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