This book brings together the latest perspectives and ideas on teaching modern physical chemistry. It includes perspectives from experienced and well-known physical chemists, a thorough review of the education literature pertaining to physical chemistry, a thorough review of advances in undergraduate laboratory experiments from the past decade, in-depth descriptions of using computers to aid student learning, and innovative ideas for teaching the fundamentals of physical chemistry. This book will provide valuable insight and information to all teachers of physical chemistry.

This third volume of NMR Spectroscopy in the Undergraduate Curriculum continues the work we started with the first and second volumes in providing effective approaches for using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers as powerful tools for investigating a wide variety of phenomena at the undergraduate level. This volume focuses on upper-level courses and NMR spectroscopy across the curriculum. The applications and strategies in this volume will be helpful to those who are looking to transform their curriculum by integrating more NMR spectroscopy, to those who might not have considered NMR spectroscopy as a tool for solving certain types of problems, or for those seeking funding for a new or replacement NMR spectrometer.

In the past, the stability of milk and milk products was the primary consideration, but this is no longer the principal objective due to the evolution of modern sanitary practices as well as pasteurization. Today, the manufacture of dairy products of consistently good flavor and texture is crucial. In previous flavor studies, researchers identified hundreds of volatile compounds, with little or no attention paid to their sensory contribution to overall flavor of dairy products. The availability of powerful chromatographic separation techniques like high resolution gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry and olfactory detection ports have revolutionized the work on characterization of dairy flavor. This along with recent developments in sensory methods and our increased knowledge about the genomics of diary culture organisms have allowed great advancements in our understanding of dairy flavor chemistry. Flavor of Dairy Products covers the evolution of dairy flavor research and presents updated information in the areas of instrumental analysis, biochemistry, processing and shelf-life issues related to the flavor of dairy products.

Developing innovative efficient and sensitive spectroscopic and optical techniques for studying biomedically relevant molecules, structures and processes in vitro and in vivo is a field of rapidly growing interest. This symposium book covers novel and exciting approaches in biomedical spectroscopy. Several chapters deal with infrared and Raman spectroscopy. These complimentary vibrational spectroscopic techniques are capable of monitoring molecular structures as well as structural changes. Such studies are of interest for understanding diseases at a molecular level as well as for developing techniques for efficient early diagnosis based on molecular structural information. The chapters demonstrate also applications vibrational spectroscopy in proteomics and the characterization of micro organisms. The second section of the book introduces surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), demonstrates the application of the effect in the biomedical field and develops the concept of multifunctional nanosensors. The measurement of intrinsic optical signals from biological objects such as nerve tissue are discussed in the next section of the book. Chapters deal also with Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Other chapters illustrate how photons of very different energies, in the Terahertz and in the ultra violet range, can be used to retrieve molecular structural information from native biomolecules. The electrical properties of protein molecules adsorbed onto a gold substrate are studied by using a scanning Kelvin nanoprobe in a microarray format. The final chapters in the book demonstrate the powerful combination of different spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of biomolecules as well as native and engineered biomaterials. These chapters combine information from Raman and Inelastic Neutron Scattering, optical absorbance and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), 1H NMR, and 129Xe NMR X-ray diffraction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

Metrology is part of the essential but largely hidden infrastructure of the modern world. This book concentrates on the infrastructure aspects of metrology. It introduces the underlying concepts: International system of units, traceability and uncertainty; and describes the concepts that are implemented to assure the comparability, reliability and quantifiable trust of measurement results. It is shown what benefits the traditional metrological principles have in fields as medicine or in the evaluation of cyber physical systems.

The unique compendium presents special principles and techniques of spectroscopic measurements that are used in semiconductor manufacturing.Since industrial applications of spectroscopy are significantly different from those traditionally used in scientific laboratories, the design concepts and characteristics of industrial spectroscopic devices may vary significantly from conventional systems. These peculiarities are thus succinctly summarized in this volume for a wide audience of students, engineers, and scientific workers.Exceptionally well-illustrated with practical solutions in detail, this useful reference text will open new horizons in new research areas.

Nanospectroscopy addresses the spectroscopy of very small objects down to single molecules or atoms, or high-resolution spectroscopy performed on regions much smaller than the wavelength of light, revealing their local optical, electronic and chemical properties. This work highlights modern examples where optical nanospectroscopy is exploited in photonics, optical sensing, medicine, or state-of-the-art applications in material, chemical and biological sciences. Examples include the use of nanospectroscopy in such varied fields as quantum emitters, dyes and two-dimensional materials, on solar cells, radiation imaging detectors, biosensors and sensors for explosives, in biomolecular and cancer detection, food science, and cultural heritage studies.

Over the last two decades, advances in the design, miniaturization, and analytical capabilities of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) instrumentation have led to its rapid and widespread adoption in a remarkably diverse range of applications in research and industrial fields. The impetus for this volume was that, as pXRF continues to grow into mainstream use, analysts should be increasingly empowered with the right information to safely and effectively employ pXRF as part of their analytical toolkit. This volume provides introductory and advanced-level users alike with readings on topics ranging from basic principles of pXRF and qualitative and quantitative approaches, through to machine learning and artificial intelligence for enhanced applications. It also includes fundamental guidance on calibrations, the mathematics of calculating uncertainties, and an extensive reference index of all elements and their interactions with X-rays. Contributing authors have provided a wealth of information and case studies in industry-specific chapters. These sections delve into detail on current standard practices in industry and research, including examples from agricultural and geo-exploration sectors, research in art and archaeology, and metals industrial and regulatory applications. As pXRF continues to grow in use in industrial and academic settings, it is essential that practitioners continue to learn, share, and implement informed and effective use of this technique. This volume serves as an accessible guidebook and go-to reference manual for new and experienced users in pXRF to achieve this goal.

The book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials. Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.

Biopharmaceuticals are a unique class of compounds due to their extreme structural complexity. The current text puts together a variety of the state-of-the art approaches that use mass spectrometry to evaluate various aspects of biopharmaceutical products ranging from monitoring stress-related structural changes to their quantitation in pharmacokinetic studies.

This book explicates the optical controls of antiferromagnetic spins by intense terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves. The book comprises two key components: (1) the experimental demonstration of the enhancement of a THz magnetic field using a split-ring resonator (SRR) and (2) the control of the direction of magnetization by using the enhanced THz magnetic field to break the symmetry of optically-induced phase transition. These make up the first step leading to future spintronics devices. In the beginning of the book, the author reviews the basics of the ultrafast laser and nonlinear optical techniques as well as the previously achieved experiments to control spin dynamics by THz magnetic fields. In this context, a new experimental protocol is described, in which electron spins in a ferromagnetic material are redirected at the unprecedented level in cooperation with the enhanced THz magnetic field. Subsequently, the author demonstrates that the THz magnetic field is significantly amplified as a nearfield around the SRR structured metamaterial, which is implemented by measuring spin precession in a solid. At the end, the author presents the key experiment in which the amplified THz magnetic nearfield is applied to the weak ferromagnet ErFeO3 along with the femtosecond near-infrared pulse, demonstrating the successful control of symmetry breaking of the spin system due to coherent control of the optically-induced spin reorientation phase transition pathways. The comprehensive introductory review in this book allows readers to overview state-of-the-art terahertz spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the skillful description of the experiments is highly informative for readers in ultrafast magnonics, ultrafast optics, terahertz technology and plasmonic science.

This thesis explores two distinct applications of laser spectroscopy: the study of nuclear ground state properties, and element selective radioactive ion beam production. It also presents the methods and results of an investigation into isotope shifts in the mercury isotopic chain. These Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) developments are detailed, together with an RILIS ionization scheme that allowed laser ionized ion beams of chromium, germanium, radium and tellurium to be generated at the Isotope Mass Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) facility. A combination of laser spectroscopy with decay spectroscopy and mass spectrometry unambiguously demonstrated a cessation of the extreme shape staggering first observed in the 1970s and revealed the characteristic kink at the crossing of the N=126 shell closure. A series of RILIS developments were required to facilitate this experiment, including mercury "ionization scheme" development and the coupling of the RILIS with an arc discharge ion source. Laser spectroscopy has since become a powerful tool for nuclear physics and the Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS), of the ISOLDE facility at CERN, is a prime example. Highlighting important advances in this field, the thesis offers a unique and revealing resource.

This book offers a complete diagnosis of concrete samples collected from a pile cap block of residential buildings affected by internal swelling reactions. Covering an extensive laboratory campaign to evaluate the transport properties of concrete samples, as well as their physical and chemical composition using advanced techniques to analyse cores extracted from real buildings that have concrete elements affected by internal swelling reactions (ISR). It features several rehabilitation procedures, pile caps repair and rehabilitation design, executed using strengthening procedures to provide the complete restoration of the structural integrity of the element deteriorated. These rehabilitation procedures proved to be a good solution to retrofit pile cap deteriorated by expansions due to internal swelling reactions of concrete. The book also offers a systematic review of the current state of knowledge and it is a valuable resource for scientists, students, and practitioners in various scientific and engineering disciplines, namely, civil and materials engineering, as well as and other interested parties.

Spectroscopy in this book has been made easier and attractive by adopting a non-mathematical pictorial path. The essential feature of this approach involves use of visual images at the molecular level. Further, to keep the reader involved, every chapter has a large number of solved problems. This approach brings molecular spectroscopy within the comprehension of the average reader. Application of molecular spectroscopy in determining molecular structure and the study of intermolecular interactions have also been discussed. A chapter on the applications of molecular spectroscopy has been prepared from the latest research work where molecular spectroscopy has been used as a tool to the research problems. This will give an idea as to how wide and divergent spectroscopy has its applications. Again, the approach intends to develop reasoning ability to the maximum.

This book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the benefits of recent technological advances for plastic scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow features that were previously not achievable with regular organic molecules or organometallics.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference (APMC12) focusing on emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of materials sciences, life sciences and microscopy techniques. The contents of this volume include papers on aberration corrected TEM & STEM, SEM - FIB, ion beam microscopy, electron diffraction & crystallography, microscopy and imaging associated with bio-nanotechnology, medical applications, host-pathogen interaction, etc. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, and practitioners alike.

This book provides easy-to-understand explanations to systematically and comprehensively describe the X-ray CT technologies, techniques, and skills used for industrial and scientific purposes. Included are many references along with photographs, figures, and equations prepared by the author. These features all facilitate the reader's gaining a deeper understanding of the topics being discussed. The book presents expertise not only on fundamentals but also about hardware, software, and analytical methods for the benefit of technical users. The book targets engineers, researchers, and students who are involved in research, development, design, and quality assurance in industry and academia.

This companion volume to "Fundamental Polymer Science" (Gedde and Hedenqvist, 2019) offers detailed insights from leading practitioners into experimental methods, simulation and modelling, mechanical and transport properties, processing, and sustainability issues. Separate chapters are devoted to thermal analysis, microscopy, spectroscopy, scattering methods, and chromatography. Special problems and pitfalls related to the study of polymers are addressed. Careful editing for consistency and cross-referencing among the chapters, high-quality graphics, worked-out examples, and numerous references to the specialist literature make "Applied Polymer Science" an essential reference for advanced students and practicing chemists, physicists, and engineers who want to solve problems with the use of polymeric materials.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) applications remain highly significant in modern analytical science and this volume compiles critical coverage of developments in the recent literature. The topics covered in this volume describe contrasting types of EPR application, including rapid scan EPR, using the EPR toolkit to investigate the structural dynamics of membrane proteins and pulse dipolar EPR spectroscopy for investigating biomolecular binding events. An additional chapter reviewing the PARACAT collaboration from the EU has also been included. Providing a snapshot of the area by a handpicked group of researchers at the cutting-edge of the field, this book is a useful addition to any library supporting this research.