Key features: Supported by the latest research and based on the state-of-the-art computational methods in high-accuracy computational spectroscopy of molecules Authored by an authority in the field Accessible to both experts and non-experts working in the area of computational and experimental spectroscopy, in addition to graduate students

Molecular Sieves - Science and Technology covers, in a comprehensive manner, the science and technology of zeolites and all related microporous and mesoporous materials. Authored by renowned experts, the contributions are grouped together topically in such a way that each volume of the book series deals with a specific sub-field. Volume 4 covers the characterization of molecular sieves with the help of the most important spectroscopic techniques (Characterization I), i.e. IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, X-ray absorption, photoelectron and Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Theory, experiment and application in selected examples are discussed.

The 43rd Annual Conference on Applications ofX-ray Analysis was held August 1-5, 1994, at the Sheraton Steamboat Resort & Conference Center in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The Denver X-Ray Conference has evolved from the 1950's into an international forum for the interaction of scientists, engineers and technologists interested in the use of x-rays in materials characterization. It has not only acted as a venue but has both stimulated and nurtured many of the principal developments in this field over the years. The major changes that have been occurring on the national and international scene as a result of the end of the cold war have dramatic-ally affected the way the materials community does business. The removal of defense priorities and development funds from most new materials initiatives has stimulated the char acterization communities to look to increasing the speed of their methods. This is being accom plished via the development of very fast dynamic characterization procedures which can rapidly and intelligently monitor and optimize the formation of a desired microstructure. The develop ment of intelligent characterization procedures applied in real-time during the manufacturing process can lead to the ability to design desired microstructures. Another potential advantage to this approach is its ability to characterize the actual amount of material which goes into a final product; permitting a rapid transition from R&D to manufacturing by avoiding the prob lems associated with scale-up.

Impurities, disorder or amorphous systems - ill-condensed matter - are mostly considered inconveniences in the study of materials, which is otherwise heavily based on idealized perfect crystals. The Kondo effect and the scaling theory of localization are among the fundamental and early discoveries which revealed the novelty hidden in impure or disordered systems. Recent advances in condensed matter physics have emphasized the role of topology, spin-orbit coupling, and certain discrete symmetries such as time reversal in many physical phenomena. These have irreversibly transformed the essential ideas and purview of condensed matter physics, both in theoretical and experimental directions. However, many of these recent developments and their implications are limited to, or by, ideas that pertain to clean systems. This thesis deals with various aspects of these new developments, but in the case of unclean systems. The author introduces new ideas such as amorphous topological insulators, fractalized metals and fractionalized spins.

The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy and Microanalysis Congress & Exhibition (InterM 2014) was held on 16-19 October 2014 in Oludeniz, Fethiye/ Mugla, Turkey. The aim of the congress was to gather scientists from various branches and discuss the latest improvements in the field of microscopy. The focus of the congress has been widened in an "interdisciplinary" manner, so as to allow all scientists working on several related subjects to participate and present their work. These proceedings include 33 peer-reviewed technical papers, submitted by leading academic and research institutions from over 17 countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available. The papers were presented at the congress in the following sessions: * Applications of Microscopy in the Physical Sciences * Applications of Microscopy in the Biological Sciences

''Excellent and very timely....It will undoubtedly become a standard reference for the application of circular dichroism (CD) to biomolecules.'' "--- Quarterly Review of Biology," March 1997 '' T]estament to the book's utility is the fact that during the course of my review I had to 'rescue' it from the desks of graduate students on an almost daily basis. In summary, this is a great book.'' "--- American Scientist" ''Well documented chapters provide a very good insight into the problems surrounding the conformation of biomacromolecules...An indispensible source of information.'' "--- Nahrung," 42(2), 1998 Renowned experts present the first state-of-the-art description of circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Chapters present in-depth discussions of the history of the field, the theory of CD for application to globular proteins, membrane proteins, peptides, nucleic acids and their interactions, carbohydrates, and instrumentation. Discussions also feature new techniques using synchrotron radiation, vibrational Raman optical activity, and vibrational CD. More than 250 illustrations supplement the text.

We are pleased to present the ?fth volume of Progress in Ultrafast Intense LaserScience.Asthefrontiersofultrafastintenselasersciencerapidlyexpand ever outward, there continues to be a growing demand for an introduction to this interdisciplinary research ?eld that is at once widely accessible and ca- ble of delivering cutting-edge developments. Our series aims to respond to this call by providing a compilation of concise review-style articles written by researchers at the forefront of this research ?eld, so that researchers with d- ferent backgrounds as well as graduate students can easily grasp the essential aspects. As in the previous volumes of PUILS, each chapter of this book begins with an introductory part, in which a clear and concise overview of the topic and its signi?cance is given, and moves onto a description of the authors' most recent research results. All the chapters are peer-reviewed. The articles ofthis?fth volumecovera diverserangeofthe interdisciplinaryresearch?eld, and the topics may be grouped into three categories: coherent responses of gaseousand condensed matter to ultrashortintense laser pulses (Chaps. 1-4), propagationof intense laser pulses (Chaps. 5, 6), and laser-plasma interaction and its applications (Chaps. 7-10). From the third volume, the PUILS series has been edited in liaison with the activities of Center for Ultrafast Intense Laser Science in The University of Tokyo, and JILS (Japan Intense Light Field Science Society), the latter of which has also been responsible for sponsoring the series and making the regularpublicationofitsvolumespossible.Fromthe presentvolume,the C- sortiumonEducationandResearchonAdvancedLaserScience,theUniversity of Tokyo, joins this publication activity as one of the sponsoring programs.

Leading practitioners describe in detail advanced methods of mass spectrometry used in structural characterization of biomacromolecules of both natural and recombinant origin. They demonstrate by example how these methodologies can solve a wide array of real-world problems in protein biochemistry, immunology, and glycobiology, as well as for human bacterial pathogens, lipids, and nucleic acids. The book offers a unique opportunity to learn these techniques that are revolutionizing the field. Its authoritative assessment in the context of how to solve important and challenging problems in bioscience and medicine ensures a competitive advantage for today's researchers.

Tutorials on Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Since the discovery of the Mossbauer Effect many excellent books have been published for researchers and for doctoral and master level students. However, there appears to be no textbook available for final year bachelor students, nor for people working in industry who have received only basic courses in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, chemistry and materials science. The challenge of this book is to give an introduction to Mossbauer Spectroscopy for this level.
The ultimate goal of this book is to give this audience not only a scientific introduction to the technique, but also to demonstrate in an attractive way the power of Mossbauer Spectroscopy in many fields of science, in order to create interest among the readers in joining the community of Mossbauer spectroscopists. This is particularly important at times where in many Mossbauer laboratories succession is at stake.
This book will be used as a textbook for the tutorial sessions, organized at the occasion of the 2011 International Conference on the Application of Mossbauer Spectroscopy (ICAME2011) in Tokyo."

This book highlights key technologies and identifies areas for further development in proteogenomics. The utility and usefulness of very large Omics data sets (Next Gen Sequencing of DNA, RNA-seq, ribosome profiling, mass spectrometry- and antibody-based proteomics) is discussed and opportunities and challenges of related bioinformatics applications are outlined. The reader will be able to appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of the continuously evolving area of proteogenomics, which has already grown beyond its original concept of verifying gene annotations by proteomics. The chapters presented in this book are arranged to offer a general overview, rather than to provide detailed descriptions of technologies. The selected applications will provide useful insight into the level of detail that can be obtained in relation to certain diseases areas, including cancer biology and personalized medicine. The readers will find that each chapter delivers a comprehensive approach to proteogenomics, each from the point of view of a specific application. Research scientists interested in innovative processes that can offer a unique and at the same time a more complete access to technological developments and concepts that in turn can contribute to a better understand biological functions should read this book.

Gas phase molecular spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining information on the geometry and internal structure of isolated molecules and their interactions with others. It enables the understanding and description, through measurements and modeling, of the influence of pressure on light absorption, emission, and scattering by gas molecules, which must be taken into account for the correct analysis and prediction of the resulting spectra. Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra: Laboratory Experiments and Models, Consequences for Applications, Second Edition provides an updated review of current experimental techniques, theoretical knowledge, and practical applications. After an introduction to collisional effects on molecular spectra, the book moves on by taking a threefold approach: it highlights key models, reviews available data, and discusses the consequences for applications. These include areas such as heat transfer, remote sensing, optical sounding, metrology, probing of gas media, and climate predictions. This second edition also contains, with respect to the first one, significant amounts of new information, including 23 figures, 8 tables, and around 700 references. Drawing on the extensive experience of its expert authors, Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra: Laboratory Experiments and Models, Consequences for Applications, Second Edition, is a valuable guide for all those involved with sourcing, researching, interpreting, or applying gas phase molecular spectroscopy techniques across a range of fields.

Diffusion in solids at moderate temperatures is a well-known phenomenon. However, direct experimental evidence about the responsible atomic-scale mechanisms has been scarce, due to difficulties in probing the relevant length- and time-scales. The present thesis deals with the application of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) for answering such questions. This is an established method for the study of slow dynamics on length-scales of a few nanometres. The scattered intensity in the diffuse regime, i.e. corresponding to atomic distances, is very low, however, and so it has so far been considered impossible to use XPCS for this problem. Threefold progress is reported in this work: It proposes a number of systems selected for high diffuse intensity, it optimizes the photon detection and data evaluation procedures, and it establishes theoretical models for interpretating the results. Together these advances allowed the first successful atomic-scale XPCS experiment, which elucidated the role of preferred configurations for atomic jumps in a copper-gold alloy. The growth in available coherent X-ray intensity together with next-generation X-ray sources will open up a wide field of application for this new method.

The 2007 Spring Meeting of the Arbeitskreis Festk rperphysik was held in Regensburg, Germany, March 2007, in conjunction with the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. It was one of the largest physics meetings in Europe. The present volume 47 of the Advances in Solid State Physics contains written versions of a large number of the invited talks and gives an overview of the present status of solid state physics where low-dimensional systems are dominating.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy - also sometimes termed Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy - has manifold potential uses in biochemistry and medicine. The paramount importance of EPR spectroscopy applied to biological tissues and fluids is that it identifies the changes in redox processes that contribute to disease. EPR spectroscopy has come a long way from its original use to detect malignant tumors. For example, the development and later refinement of methods of low-temperature registration of biological tissues widened the scope of EPR spectroscopy. Innovations made possible by the introduction of spin labels, probes, and traps made EPR spectroscopy ever more applicable to biochemistry and medicine, to the point where in vivo studies are being carefully considered. This comprehensive book discusses spectra of many tissues and bodily fluids, and the quantitative nature of paramagnetic centers in both normal individuals and patients suffering from a variety of diseases. Special attention is given to the EPR examination of bio-molecules, such as enzymes, polypeptides, vitamins, lipids, hydrocarbons, etc., which play an essential role in human activity. This book will be of great interest to physicians specializing in many different areas. Similarly, biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, and chemists will find this book very useful. It has also been written so that it may be used as a textbook at graduate level.

This book primarily focuses on the radiation effects and compact model of silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). It introduces the small-signal equivalent circuit of SiGe HBTs including the distributed effects, and proposes a novel direct analytical extraction technique based on non-linear rational function fitting. It also presents the total dose effects irradiated by gamma rays and heavy ions, as well as the single-event transient induced by pulse laser microbeams. It offers readers essential information on the irradiation effects technique and the SiGe HBTs model using that technique.

"Updates fundamentals and applications of all modes of x-ray spectrometry, including total reflection and polarized beam x-ray fluorescence analysis, and synchrotron radiation induced x-ray emission. Promotes the accurate measurement of samples while reducing the scattered background in the x-ray spectrum."

Recent years have seen an explosion in the volume of work carried out using supersonic jets of molecules following the discovery that the technique could provide information on structure and dynamics of a very high quality otherwise impossible to obtain. Written and edited by a first class team of authors, acknowledged world leaders in their subjects, this book describes applications in detail along with analysis of data recorded and background theory. Physical chemists and chemical physicists will find this unique book an essential concentrated source of information and reference.

Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials facilitates a comprehensive and through understanding of the latest developments in vibrational spectroscopy. It contains explains key breakthroughs in the methodologies and techniques for infrared, near-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. Topics include qualitative and quantitative analysis, biomedical applications, vibrational studies of enzymatic catalysis, and chemometrics.

Addressing the need for an up-to-date reference on silicon devices and heterostructures, Beyond the Desert 99 reviews the technology used to grow and characterize Goup IV alloy films. It covers the theory, device design, and simulation of heterojunction transistors, emphasizing their relevance in developing the technologies involving strained layers; device design and simulation of conventional silicon bipolar transistors and SiGe HBTs at room and low temperatures; and device design and simulation for MOSFETs, including SiGe and strained-Si channel MOSFETs. The book concludes with simulations and examples of different applications. It provides a unified reference for scientists and engineers investigating the use of SiGe and strained silicon in a new generation of high-speed circuit applications.

This book reviews a variety of methods in computational chemistry and their applications in different fields of current research. Ab initio methods and regression analyses are discussed with special focus on their application to investigate chemical structures as for example dyes or drug compounds. Further topics are the use of computational methods in the modeling of spectroscopic data or to study reaction mechanisms.

This thesis focuses on understanding the growth and formation mechanism of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), an issue it addresses by investigating the dense interstellar medium that is assumed to be a crucial component of the fuel for SMBHs. The thesis also offers unique guidance on using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) research. The author presents the three major findings regarding SMBH formation and growth: (1) The development of a new diagnostic method for the energy sources in galaxies based on submillimeter spectroscopy, which allows identification of accreting SMBHs even in obscured environments, (2) the discovery that the circumnuclear dense gas disk (CND), with a typical size of a few tens of parsecs, which plays a crucial role in governing the growth of SMBHs, and (3) the discovery that the mass transfer budget from the CND to the central SMBHs can be quantitatively understood with a theoretical model incorporating the circumnuclear starburst as a driver of mass transfer. The thesis skillfully reviews these three findings, which have greatly improved our understanding of the growth mechanism of SMBHs.

SELDI is distinct from other TOF-MS technologies in that it couples features of chromatography and mass spectrometry, facilitating analyte enrichment and sample cleanup on an array surface. In the growing field of proteomics, SELDI technology has been widely used for biomarker discovery and characterization in diverse applications including diagnostics, drug development, and basic research. SELDI-based biomarker studies can typically be divided into four phases: discovery, validation, purification and identification, and assay development. SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols provides an overview of the current applications of SELDI-TOF MS (surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry), with an emphasis on study and experimental design, data analysis and interpretation, and assay development. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols will provide information on optimizing study design, experimental protocols, and data analysis and interpretation to yield robust biomarkers and biomarker assays, using examples from different disease areas.

Application of NMR and Molecular Docking in Structure-Based Drug Discovery, by Jaime L. Stark and Robert Powers NMR as a Unique Tool in Assessment and Complex Determination of Weak Protein-Protein Interactions, by Olga Vinogradova and Jun Qin The Use of Residual Dipolar Coupling in Studying Proteins by NMR, by Kang Chen und Nico Tjandra NMR Studies of Metalloproteins, by Hongyan Li and Hongzhe Sun Recent Developments in 15N NMR Relaxation Studies that Probe Protein Backbone Dynamics, by Rieko Ishima Contemporary Methods in Structure Determination of Membrane Proteins by Solution NMR, by Tabussom Qureshi and Natalie K. Goto Protein Structure Determination by Solid-State NMR, by Xin Zhao Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: New Methodology and Applications, by Kong Hung Sze, Qinglin Wu, Ho Sum Tse and Guang Zhu

The 37th Annual Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis was held August 1-5, 1988, at the Sheraton Steamboat Resort and Conference Center, Steamboat Springs, Colorado. As usual, alternating with x-ray diffraction, the emphasis this year was x-ray fluorescence, but as has been the pattern for several occasions over the last few years, the Plenary Session did not deal with that subject, specifically. In an attempt to introduce the audience to one of the new developments in x-ray analysis, the title of the session was "High Brilliance Sources/Applications," and dealt exclusively with synchrotron radiation, a topic which has made a very large impact on the x-ray community over the last decade. As the organizer and co-chairman of the Plenary Session (with Paul Predecki), it is my responsibility to report on that session here. The Conference had the privilege of obtaining the services of some of the preeminent practitioners of research using this remarkable x-ray source; they presented the audience with unusually lucid descriptions of the work which has been accomplished in the development and application of the continuous, high intensity, tunable, polarized and collimated x-rays available from no facility other than these specialized storage rings. The opening lecture (and I use that term intentionally) was an enthusiastic description of "What is Synchrotron Radiation?" by Professor Boris Batterman of Cornell University and the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Sourc(! (CHESS).

This detailed volume provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art metabolomics methods based on mass spectrometry (MS), and their application in food, nutrition, and biomedical research. The chapters assembled herein cover hot topics related to sample preparation, chromatographic and electrophoretic separation, MS-based analysis, as well as data processing and analysis. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics serves as a timely guide for chemists, biochemists, biologists, nutritionists, clinicians, and other experts working in the growing and exciting field of metabolomics.