Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry is widely recognized for its ability to probe the structure and dynamics of proteins. The application of this technique is becoming widespread due to its versatility for providing structural information about challenging biological macromolecules such as antibodies, flexible proteins and glycoproteins. Although the technique has been around for 25 years, this is the first definitive book devoted entirely to the topic. Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry of Proteins: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications brings into one comprehensive volume the theory, instrumentation and applications of Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry (HX-MS) - a technique relevant to bioanalytical chemistry, protein science and pharmaceuticals. The book provides a solid foundation in the basics of the technique and data interpretation to inform readers of current research in the method, and provides illustrative examples of its use in bio- and pharmaceutical chemistry and biophysics In-depth chapters on the fundamental theory of hydrogen exchange, and tutorial chapters on measurement and data analysis provide the essential background for those ready to adopt HX-MS. Expert users may advance their current understanding through chapters on methods including membrane protein analysis, alternative proteases, millisecond hydrogen exchange, top-down mass spectrometry, histidine exchange and method validation. All readers can explore the diversity of HX-MS applications in areas such as ligand binding, membrane proteins, drug discovery, therapeutic protein formulation, biocomparability, and intrinsically disordered proteins.

This book covers different aspects of the physics of iron-based superconductors ranging from the theoretical, the numerical and computational to the experimental ones. It starts from the basic theory modeling many-body physics in Fe-superconductors and other multi-orbital materials and reaches up to the magnetic and Cooper pair fluctuations and nematic order. Finally, it offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in the experimental investigations of iron based superconductors.

Provides comprehensive coverage of the interpretation of LC MS MS mass spectra of 1300 drugs and pesticides * Provides a general discussion on the fragmentation of even-electron ions (protonated and deprotonated molecules) in both positive-ion and negative-ion modes * This is the reference book for the interpretation of MS MS mass spectra of small organic molecules * Covers related therapeutic classes of compounds such as drugs for cardiovascular diseases, psychotropic compounds, drugs of abuse and designer drugs, antimicrobials, among many others * Covers general fragmentation rule as well as specific fragmentation pathways for many chemical functional groups * Gives an introduction to MS technology, mass spectral terminology, information contained in mass spectra, and to the identification strategies used for different types of unknowns

A comprehensive treatment of the characterisation techniques used in investigating inorganic and organic molecules that interact with biomolecules is presented to the reader in a clear fashion. The work consists of two parts: (i) synthetic aspects of metallointercalators along with targeting and improving transport and (ii) the various techniques that are used for probing their interactions, such as; DNA-NMR, PGSE-NMR, DNA ESI-MS, Linear and Circular Dichroism, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Viscosity, TGA and dialysis, Microarrays, biological analysis. Chapters are devoted to the synthesis and the techniques used to study the interactions of inorganic complexes with biomolecules. Considerably detailed examples are used to help illustrate the application of these techniques. This book is a useful resource for an array of inorganic and organic advanced undergraduate and graduate courses and for researchers in drug discovery.

Interpretation of IR and Raman Spectra provides the fundamentals of interpreting IR and Raman spectra of complex molecules primarily organic molecules. Examinations of theory provide a basis for predicting functional group frequency location in new molecular structures. * Generously enriched with sample exercises to help rapidly develop powerful interpretive skills. * Includes appendices with fourteen bibliographies by subject area.

Nanotechnology has reached a level where almost every new development and even every new product uses features of nanoscopic properties of materials. As a consequence, an enormous amount of scientific instruments is used in order to synthesize and analyze new structures and materials. Due to the surface sensitivity of such materials, many of these instruments require ultrahigh vacuum that has to be provided under extreme conditions like very high voltages.

In this book, Yoshimura provides a review of the UHV related development during the last decades. His very broad experience in the design enables him to present us this detailed reference. After a general description how to design UHV systems, he covers all important issue in detail, like pumps, outgasing, Gauges, and Electrodes for high voltages.

Thus, this book serves as reference for everybody using UVH in his scientific equipment.

The authors travel with the reader through the challenging maze of structure determination, showing how to distinguish between valuable and deceiving data from IR, NMR and MS spectra, extracting structural conclusions and putting all the pieces together to solve the structure elucidation puzzle. Indeed, human reasoning is key to combining the information contained in those bands, signals and peaks by a rationale that enables the makeup of a chemical structure. A number of increasingly more complex problems will act as trip segments and, in addition to the spectra themselves, each chapter is supplemented with figures and tables that decipher the above data and serve as maps for the journey.

Since A. Kowalsky's first report of the spectrum of cytochrome c in 1965, interest in the detection, assignment and interpretation of paramagnetic molecules has surged, especially in the last decade. Two classes of systems have played a key role in the development of the field: heme proteins and iron-sulfur proteins. These two systems are unique in many respects, one of which is that they contain well-defined chromophores, each of which can be studied in detail outside the protein matrix. They are the most successfully studied macromolecules, and the first eight and last six of the seventeen contributions to this book deal with heme and/or iron-sulfur proteins. The middle three chapters survey the progress on, and significant promise of, more difficult systems which do not possess a chromophore, but which have nevertheless yielded remarkable insights into their structure.

The last decade has witnessed the discovery of, and dramatic progress in understanding the physics of graphene and related two-dimensional materials. The development of methods for manufacturing and aligning high-quality two-dimensional crystals has facilitated the creation of a new generation of materials: the heterostructures of graphene with hexagonal crystals, in which the graphene electrons acquire new, qualitatively different properties. This thesis provides a comprehensive theoretical framework in which to understand these heterostructures, based on the tight binding model, perturbation theory, group theory and the concept of the moire superlattice (all of which are elucidated). It explains how graphene heterostructures provide new opportunities for tailoring band structure, such as creating additional Dirac points or opening band gaps and how they manifest themselves in transport measurements, optical absorption spectra and the fractal Hofstadter spectra. Also considered are the heterostructures of bilayer graphene and resonant tunneling in aligned graphene/insulator/graphene devices.

This book addresses the development of electronic devices using redox-active organic molecules and their porous coordination networks (PCNs), and highlights the importance of the molecular arrangement. Redox-active organic molecules hold considerable promise as flexible electronic elements, because their electronic state can easily be controlled using external energy. Although various kinds of redox-active organic molecules have been synthesized, attempts to apply them to electronic devices have been limited, owing to the lack of proper structural design. Moreover, ligand-based redox-active PCNs remain largely unexplored because of the limited availability of redox-active ligands. In addition to developing new redox-active organic molecules, in order to design electronic devices based on these molecules/PCNs, it is essential to understand the connections between their molecular arrangement, electrical properties, and redox activity. In this thesis, the redox-active organic molecule 2,5,8-tri(4-pyridyl)1,3-diazaphenalene (TPDAP), which features a large pi plane and multi-intermolecular interactivity, is used to develop a resistive switching memory device. In addition, its PCNs are synthesized to fabricate chemiresistive sensors, and the electrical properties are modulated using post-synthetic modification. Each mechanism is systematically investigated by means of structural determination and well-defined control experiments. Subsequently, the book proposes general guidelines for designing electronic devices using redox-active organic molecules. The book will appeal to a broad range of readers, from basic scientists to materials engineers, as well as general, non-expert readers.

The purpose of the preface is to explain the book's objectives and how to use it; give warnings, disclaimers, and the like.* The main objective of Protein and Peptide Analysis by Mass Spec trometry is quite straightforward-to present authoritative, up-to-date, and practical accounts of the use of mass spectrometry in the analysis of pep tides and proteins. How to use it? Every reader will have their own particular interests and will surely be drawn toward the chapters that cover these interests. Within the remaining chapters, however, techniques are described with analytical possibilities that such a reader can then only guess at. So, read the book fully. Again, as is customary in the Methods in Molecular Biology series, the chapter format (Introduction, Materials, Methods, and Notes) allows the authors to introduce the techniques, to explain their relevance and applicability, and, above all, to provide detail-detail that represents each author's accumulated experience and enables the reader to use and benefit from these methods. So, read the book fully, and read it diligently. Warnings and disclaimers: Mass spectrometry today offers the pro tein chemist ready access to a wealth of information that is otherwise avail able only with great difficulty, or perhaps not at all. With this goal in sight, any warnings and disclaimers will almost surely be ignored. So, a warning anyway; the use of mass spectrometry might be habit forming."

This is the second volume of Advances in Acoustic Microscopy. It continues the aim of presenting applications and developments of techniques that are related to high-resolution acoustic imaging. We are very grateful to the authors who have devoted considerable time to preparing these chapters, each of which describes a field of growing importance. Laboratories that have high-performance acoustic microscopes are frequently asked to examine samples for which the highest available resolution is not necessary, and the ability to penetrate opaque layers is more significant. Such applications can be thought of as bridging the gap be tween acoustic microscopy at low gigahertz frequencies, and on the one hand nondestructive testing of materials at low megahertz frequencies and on the other hand medical ultrasonic imaging at low megahertz frequencies. Commercial acoustic microscopes are becoming increasingly available and popular for such applications. We are therefore delighted to be able to begin the volume with chapters from each of those two fields. The first chapter, by Gabriele Pfannschmidt, describes uses of acoustic microscopy in the semiconductor industry. It provides a splendid balance to the opening chapter of Volume 1, which came from a national research center, being written from within a major European electronics industry itself. Dr Pfann schmidt describes the use of two quite different types of acoustic microscopes, and points out the advantages of each for specific purposes.

Molecular Sieves - Science and Technology covers, in a comprehensive manner, the science and technology of zeolites and all related microporous and mesoporous materials. Authored by renowned experts, the contributions are grouped together topically in such a way that each volume of the book series deals with a specific sub-field. Volume 4 covers the characterization of molecular sieves with the help of the most important spectroscopic techniques (Characterization I), i.e. IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, X-ray absorption, photoelectron and Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Theory, experiment and application in selected examples are discussed.

The 43rd Annual Conference on Applications ofX-ray Analysis was held August 1-5, 1994, at the Sheraton Steamboat Resort & Conference Center in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The Denver X-Ray Conference has evolved from the 1950's into an international forum for the interaction of scientists, engineers and technologists interested in the use of x-rays in materials characterization. It has not only acted as a venue but has both stimulated and nurtured many of the principal developments in this field over the years. The major changes that have been occurring on the national and international scene as a result of the end of the cold war have dramatic-ally affected the way the materials community does business. The removal of defense priorities and development funds from most new materials initiatives has stimulated the char acterization communities to look to increasing the speed of their methods. This is being accom plished via the development of very fast dynamic characterization procedures which can rapidly and intelligently monitor and optimize the formation of a desired microstructure. The develop ment of intelligent characterization procedures applied in real-time during the manufacturing process can lead to the ability to design desired microstructures. Another potential advantage to this approach is its ability to characterize the actual amount of material which goes into a final product; permitting a rapid transition from R&D to manufacturing by avoiding the prob lems associated with scale-up.

This book collects all the latest advances in the leading research of the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of small organic molecules. Compared with that of lanthanide-based fluorophores, the research into the CPL of small organic molecules is still at the developmental stage for their relatively smaller dissymmetric factors, but has been a source of widespread attention recently. The book includes the state of the art of the discoveries in CPL organic molecules, such as helicenes, biaryls, cyclophanes, boron dipyrromethene dyes, and other chiral molecules, mostly in their isolated states, covering all possible chiral substances for future applications. This book also highlights the recent development of CPL instruments as well as time-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy, to facilitate the further development and future design of CPL molecules.

Impurities, disorder or amorphous systems - ill-condensed matter - are mostly considered inconveniences in the study of materials, which is otherwise heavily based on idealized perfect crystals. The Kondo effect and the scaling theory of localization are among the fundamental and early discoveries which revealed the novelty hidden in impure or disordered systems. Recent advances in condensed matter physics have emphasized the role of topology, spin-orbit coupling, and certain discrete symmetries such as time reversal in many physical phenomena. These have irreversibly transformed the essential ideas and purview of condensed matter physics, both in theoretical and experimental directions. However, many of these recent developments and their implications are limited to, or by, ideas that pertain to clean systems. This thesis deals with various aspects of these new developments, but in the case of unclean systems. The author introduces new ideas such as amorphous topological insulators, fractalized metals and fractionalized spins.

Gas phase molecular spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining information on the geometry and internal structure of isolated molecules and their interactions with others. It enables the understanding and description, through measurements and modeling, of the influence of pressure on light absorption, emission, and scattering by gas molecules, which must be taken into account for the correct analysis and prediction of the resulting spectra. Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra: Laboratory Experiments and Models, Consequences for Applications, Second Edition provides an updated review of current experimental techniques, theoretical knowledge, and practical applications. After an introduction to collisional effects on molecular spectra, the book moves on by taking a threefold approach: it highlights key models, reviews available data, and discusses the consequences for applications. These include areas such as heat transfer, remote sensing, optical sounding, metrology, probing of gas media, and climate predictions. This second edition also contains, with respect to the first one, significant amounts of new information, including 23 figures, 8 tables, and around 700 references. Drawing on the extensive experience of its expert authors, Collisional Effects on Molecular Spectra: Laboratory Experiments and Models, Consequences for Applications, Second Edition, is a valuable guide for all those involved with sourcing, researching, interpreting, or applying gas phase molecular spectroscopy techniques across a range of fields.

The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy and Microanalysis Congress & Exhibition (InterM 2014) was held on 16-19 October 2014 in Oludeniz, Fethiye/ Mugla, Turkey. The aim of the congress was to gather scientists from various branches and discuss the latest improvements in the field of microscopy. The focus of the congress has been widened in an "interdisciplinary" manner, so as to allow all scientists working on several related subjects to participate and present their work. These proceedings include 33 peer-reviewed technical papers, submitted by leading academic and research institutions from over 17 countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available. The papers were presented at the congress in the following sessions: * Applications of Microscopy in the Physical Sciences * Applications of Microscopy in the Biological Sciences

''Excellent and very timely....It will undoubtedly become a standard reference for the application of circular dichroism (CD) to biomolecules.'' "--- Quarterly Review of Biology," March 1997 '' T]estament to the book's utility is the fact that during the course of my review I had to 'rescue' it from the desks of graduate students on an almost daily basis. In summary, this is a great book.'' "--- American Scientist" ''Well documented chapters provide a very good insight into the problems surrounding the conformation of biomacromolecules...An indispensible source of information.'' "--- Nahrung," 42(2), 1998 Renowned experts present the first state-of-the-art description of circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Chapters present in-depth discussions of the history of the field, the theory of CD for application to globular proteins, membrane proteins, peptides, nucleic acids and their interactions, carbohydrates, and instrumentation. Discussions also feature new techniques using synchrotron radiation, vibrational Raman optical activity, and vibrational CD. More than 250 illustrations supplement the text.

The volume details techniques, methods, and conceptual developments to further the study of protein aggregation with emphasis on the pleiomorphic proteins implicated in etiology of neurodegeneration. Chapters guide readers through in vitro and in vivo studies of fibrillization and liquid-liquid phase separation processes, and offer a comprehensive account of the state-of-art of structural studies of protein aggregation. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Protein Aggregation: Methods and Protocols aims to be useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

This volume, which addresses various basic sensor principles, covers micro gravimetric sensors, semiconducting and nano tube sensors, calorimetric sensors and optical sensors. Furthermore, the authors discuss recent developments in the related sensitive layers including new properties of nano structured metal oxide layers. They provide in-depth insights into the unique chemistry and signal generation of copper oxide in percolating sensors and present a variety of applications of functional polymers made possible by proper imprinting.

Highlights of the subjects covered include:

requirements for high-temperature sensors

carbon nano tube sensors

new sensing model for nanostructured In2O3

bio mimetic approach for semiconductor sensor-based systems

optical readout for inorganic and organic semiconductor sensors

concept of virtual multisensors to improve specificity and selectivity

calorimetric sensors for hydrogen peroxide detection

percolation effect-based sensors to implement dosimeters

imprinted polymer layers for bulk and surface acoustic wave sensors"

We are pleased to present the ?fth volume of Progress in Ultrafast Intense LaserScience.Asthefrontiersofultrafastintenselasersciencerapidlyexpand ever outward, there continues to be a growing demand for an introduction to this interdisciplinary research ?eld that is at once widely accessible and ca- ble of delivering cutting-edge developments. Our series aims to respond to this call by providing a compilation of concise review-style articles written by researchers at the forefront of this research ?eld, so that researchers with d- ferent backgrounds as well as graduate students can easily grasp the essential aspects. As in the previous volumes of PUILS, each chapter of this book begins with an introductory part, in which a clear and concise overview of the topic and its signi?cance is given, and moves onto a description of the authors' most recent research results. All the chapters are peer-reviewed. The articles ofthis?fth volumecovera diverserangeofthe interdisciplinaryresearch?eld, and the topics may be grouped into three categories: coherent responses of gaseousand condensed matter to ultrashortintense laser pulses (Chaps. 1-4), propagationof intense laser pulses (Chaps. 5, 6), and laser-plasma interaction and its applications (Chaps. 7-10). From the third volume, the PUILS series has been edited in liaison with the activities of Center for Ultrafast Intense Laser Science in The University of Tokyo, and JILS (Japan Intense Light Field Science Society), the latter of which has also been responsible for sponsoring the series and making the regularpublicationofitsvolumespossible.Fromthe presentvolume,the C- sortiumonEducationandResearchonAdvancedLaserScience,theUniversity of Tokyo, joins this publication activity as one of the sponsoring programs.

This detailed volume provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art metabolomics methods based on mass spectrometry (MS), and their application in food, nutrition, and biomedical research. The chapters assembled herein cover hot topics related to sample preparation, chromatographic and electrophoretic separation, MS-based analysis, as well as data processing and analysis. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics serves as a timely guide for chemists, biochemists, biologists, nutritionists, clinicians, and other experts working in the growing and exciting field of metabolomics.

This book highlights key technologies and identifies areas for further development in proteogenomics. The utility and usefulness of very large Omics data sets (Next Gen Sequencing of DNA, RNA-seq, ribosome profiling, mass spectrometry- and antibody-based proteomics) is discussed and opportunities and challenges of related bioinformatics applications are outlined. The reader will be able to appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of the continuously evolving area of proteogenomics, which has already grown beyond its original concept of verifying gene annotations by proteomics. The chapters presented in this book are arranged to offer a general overview, rather than to provide detailed descriptions of technologies. The selected applications will provide useful insight into the level of detail that can be obtained in relation to certain diseases areas, including cancer biology and personalized medicine. The readers will find that each chapter delivers a comprehensive approach to proteogenomics, each from the point of view of a specific application. Research scientists interested in innovative processes that can offer a unique and at the same time a more complete access to technological developments and concepts that in turn can contribute to a better understand biological functions should read this book.

This third volume provides comprehensive protocols on pre-analytical, analytical, plasma, and serum proteomics. New and updated chapters are divided into nine sections, detailing blood processing and handling strategies, discovery- and targeted-based mass spectrometry, including workflows to aid in discovery and targeted data analysis, in addition to software and bioinformatics for the plasma proteome. This edition further integrates emerging areas in the development of technologies for plasma proteomics and assay platforms in biomarker discovery and translational proteomics, enrichment and detection strategies to understand the plasma proteome, and peptide, lipid and metabolite targeted assays. We also detail the emerging analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each of the 33 chapters includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes hints and tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Serum/Plasma Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers.