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Transatlantic Obligations - Creating the Bonds of Family in Conquest-Era Peru and Spain (Hardcover)
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Transatlantic Obligations - Creating the Bonds of Family in Conquest-Era Peru and Spain (Hardcover)
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The sixteenth-century changes wrought by expansion of Spanish
empire into Peru shaped the ways of being a family in colonial
Peru. Even as migration, race mixture, and transculturation took
place, family members fulfilled obligations to one another by
adapting custom to a changing world. Family began to shift when,
from the moment of their arrival in 1532, Spaniards were joined
with elite indigenous women in political marriage-like alliances.
Almost immediately, a generation of mestizos was born that
challenged the hierarchies of colonial society. In response, the
Spanish Crown began to promote the marriage of these men and the
travel of Spanish women to Peru to promote good customs and even
serve as surrogate parents. Other reactions came from wives in
Spain who, abandoned by husbands, sought assistance to fulfill
family duties. For indigenous families, the pressures of
colonialism prompted migration to cities. By mid-century, the
increase of Spanish migration to Peru changed the social landscape,
but did not halt mixed-race marriages. The book posits that late
sixteenth-century cities, specifically Lima and Arequipa, were host
to indigenous and Spanish families but also to numerous 'blended'
families borne of a process of mestizaje. In its final chapter, the
legacies for the next generation reveal how Spanish fathers
sometimes challenged law with custom and sentiment to establish
inheritance plans for their children. By tracing family obligations
connecting Peru and Spain through dowries, bequests, legal powers,
and letters, Transatlantic Obligations presents a powerful call to
rethink sixteenth-century definitions of family.
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