Nanotechnology is the application of science to control matter at
the molecular level. It has become one of the most promising
applied technologies in all areas of science. Nanoparticles have
multi-functional properties and have created very interesting
applications in various fields such as medicine, nutrition,
bioenergy, agriculture and the environment. But the biogenic
syntheses of monodispersed nanoparticles with specific sizes and
shapes have been a challenge in biomaterial science. Nanoparticles
are of great interest due to their extremely small size and large
surface-to-volume ratio, which lead to both chemical and physical
differences in their properties (e.g., mechanical properties,
biological and sterical properties, catalytic activity, thermal and
electrical conductivity, optical absorption and melting point)
compared to bulk of the same chemical composition. Recently,
however, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology
via microorganisms, plants, viruses, and so on, has been
extensively studied and has become recognized as a green and
efficient way for further exploiting biological systems as
convenient nanofactories. Thus the biological synthesis of
nanoparticles is increasingly regarded as a rapid, ecofriendly, and
easily scaled-up technology. Today researchers are developing new
techniques and materials using nanotechnology that may be suitable
for plants to boost their native functions. Recently, biological
nanoparticles were found to be more pharmacologically active than
physico-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Various applications
of biosynthesized nanoparticles have been discovered, especially in
the field of biomedical research, such as applications to specific
delivery of drugs, use for tumor detection, angiogenesis, genetic
disease and genetic disorder diagnosis, photoimaging, and
photothermal therapy. Further, iron oxide nanoparticles have been
applied to cancer therapy, hyperthermia, drug delivery, tissue
repair, cell labeling, targeting and immunoassays, detoxification
of biological fluids, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetically
responsive drug delivery therapy. Nanoparticle synthesis for plant
byproducts for biomedical applications has vast potential. This
book offers researchers in plant science and biomedicine the latest
research and opportunity to develop new tools for the synthesis of
environmentally friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles for
applications in biomedicine as well as other various fields.
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