The ideology of the American dream--the faith that an individual
can attain success and virtue through strenuous effort--is the very
soul of the American nation. According to Jennifer Hochschild, we
have failed to face up to what that dream requires of our society,
and yet we possess no other central belief that can save the United
States from chaos. In this compassionate but frightening book,
Hochschild attributes our national distress to the ways in which
whites and African Americans have come to view their own and each
other's opportunities. By examining the hopes and fears of whites
and especially of blacks of various social classes, Hochschild
demonstrates that America's only unifying vision may soon vanish in
the face of racial conflict and discontent.
Hochschild combines survey data and vivid anecdote to clarify
several paradoxes. Since the 1960s white Americans have seen
African Americans as having better and better chances to achieve
the dream. At the same time middle-class blacks, by now one-third
of the African American population, have become increasingly
frustrated personally and anxious about the progress of their race.
Most poor blacks, however, cling with astonishing strength to the
notion that they and their families can succeed--despite their
terrible, perhaps worsening, living conditions. Meanwhile, a tiny
number of the estranged poor, who have completely given up on the
American dream or any other faith, threaten the social fabric of
the black community and the very lives of their fellow blacks.
Hochschild probes these patterns and gives them historical depth
by comparing the experience of today's African Americans to that of
white ethnic immigrants at the turn of the century. She concludes
by claiming that America's only alternative to the social disaster
of intensified racial conflict lies in the inclusiveness, optimism,
discipline, and high-mindedness of the American dream at its
best.
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