Hormones are secretory products of endocrine glands released
directly into the circulation in small amounts in response to a
specific stimulus and on delivery in circulation produce response
on the target cells or organs. The system is specifically designed
to integrate and control the human body's innumerable metabolic
activities. Hormones interact with target cells via receptors which
are large protein molecules with specific binding sites for
specific hormones. There are 2,000 - 100,000 receptor molecules
present per target cell. Any variation in the hormonal secretion
from normal results in abnormal changes in the body including the
oral cavity. For example increase in estrogen and progesterone
during pregnancy causes pregnancy tumor (pyogenic granuloma) and
puberty causes gingivitis. Likewise, parathyroid hormone
fluctuations leads to defective amelogenesis which can cause enamel
hypoplasia and other changes like widened pulp chamber, intra
pulpal calcification, delayed eruption and blunting of apices of
teeth. This book lays emphasis on Effect of Hormonal Imbalance on
Oral Tissues.
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