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Summer Farms - Seasonal Exploitation of the Uplands from Prehistory to the Present (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R3,466
Discovery Miles 34 660
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Summer Farms - Seasonal Exploitation of the Uplands from Prehistory to the Present (Hardcover)
Series: Sheffield Archaeological Monographs, 16
Expected to ship within 12 - 17 working days
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Summer farms occur throughout the world where there are rich
pastures that can only be utilised for part of the year, mainly
because they are under snow and ice during the winter. In Europe
transhumance is often a major event when the cattle and other
livestock leave their home villages and move up into the mountains,
and likewise on their return. The best known sites in Europe are
perhaps those found in the Alpine areas, but they occur everywhere
where there are suitable highland areas to exploit. Traditionally
they have been the subject of the studies of ethnographers and
anthropologists, especially in the second half of the 20th century
when technological and economic changes led to the gradual
abandonment of the farms and to other ways of exploiting the
highlands. The last of these farmers are gradually disappearing and
with them the oral records and memories. Now it is archaeologists
who are leading the recording of this material and also looking at
the history of such farming from prehistory and from the Bronze Age
with the rise in importance of 'Secondary Products' such as cheese
which could be stored for use over winter.Much of the evidence can
only be gathered by surface survey and by excavation, though in
some cases there are good written sources which have yet to be
fully exploited. This volume provides case studies, as well as
brief summaries of other projects in Europe, extending from the
Black Sea in the east to northern Spain and Iceland in the west,
though with a concentration on the Alpine area. One thing that
emerges is the very varied nature of these sites in terms of their
chronology, who went to the farms, the distances travelled, and the
other activities associated with transhumance such as mining. In
some cases the products were primarily for the subsistence of the
agricultural population, but in other cases they were traded and
could produce a large amount of profit. This is the first overview
of these sites in Europe written from an archaeological point of
view.
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