Why doesn't all this cognitive processing go on "in the dark,"
without any consciousness at all? In this book philosophers,
physicists, psychologists, neurophysiologists, computer scientists,
and others address this central topic in the growing discipline of
consciousness studies. At the 1994 landmark conference "Toward a
Scientific Basis for Consciousness", philosopher David Chalmers
distinguished between the "easy" problems and the "hard" problem of
consciousness research. According to Chalmers, the easy problems
are to explain cognitive functions such as discrimination,
integration, and the control of behavior; the hard problem is to
explain why these functions should be associated with phenomenal
experience. Why doesnt all this cognitive processing go on "in the
dark", without any consciousness at all? In this book,
philosophers, physicists, psychologists, neurophysiologists,
computer scientists, and others address this central topic in the
growing discipline of consciousness studies. Some take issue with
Chalmers' distinction, arguing that the hard problem is a
non-problem, or that the explanatory gap is too wide to be bridged.
Others offer alternative suggestions as to how the problem might be
solved, whether through cognitive science, fundamental physics,
empirical phenomenology, or with theories that take consciousness
as irreducible. Contributors Bernard J. Baars, Douglas J. Bilodeau,
David Chalmers, Patricia S. Churchland, Thomas Clark, C. J. S.
Clarke, Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Stuart Hameroff, Valerie
Hardcastle, David Hodgson, Piet Hut, Christof Koch, Benjamin Libet,
E. J. Lowe, Bruce MacLennan, Colin McGinn, Eugene Mills, Kieron
OHara, Roger Penrose, Mark C. Price, William S. Robinson, Gregg
Rosenberg, Tom Scott, William Seager, Jonathan Shear, Roger N.
Shepard, Henry Stapp, Francisco J. Varela, Max Velmans, Richard
Warner
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