This book is the proceedings of an International Conference on
Challenges of Psychoanalysis in the 21st Century: Psychoanalysis,
Health and Psychosexuality in the Era of Virtual Reality, held
15-17 September, 2000, in Geneva, Switzerland.
Psychoanalysis has become a basic psychiatric science in very much
the same way as the neurosciences or epidemiology. However, there
is a certain present-day discrediting of psychoanalysis as a
therapeutic tool stemming, to some extent, from the reluctance of
psychoanalysts to submit their theories and practice to scientific
scrutiny. However, as we see in this book, there is a certain
movement in psychoanalysis to introduce reliable measures that
would allow for a scientific evaluation of its results as a
therapeutic device.
Although there are great variations in respect to the role
ascribed to psychoanalytic techniques in different countries, a
clear upsurge of interest is apparent nowadays.
During discussion of psychoanalysis and virtual reality in the new
millennium, it was predicted that in the next century the
differences between the conscious, unconscious, and the
pre-conscious will have to be reconsidered in view of the
ever-expanding concepts created by virtual reality. There will be
virtual sexual acts over the Internet, ovum parthenogenesis will be
possible without the intervention of the male, and clonic
reproduction of the human being will be carried out in the
laboratory. The child born in these circumstances will relate to a
widening array of potential parental figures: the classic
heterosexual couple, the single-parent family, the homosexual
couple, the transsexual figure, etc. All this will of course alter
the classicOedipal constellation and without doubt the gender
identity of the child.
There will be attempts to undergo psychoanalysis via the
Internet in the same way that other kinds of psychotherapy are
being virtualized. But this will force us to redefine transference.
On the other hand, it seems likely that psychoanalysis as a
psychotherapeutic tool will, in the 21st century, relate more to
somatic, medical patients or to the worried well' than to
psychiatric patients. These brief considerations on the scope of
our deliberations in some way explain the diversity of this book,
but also justify its interest.
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