The Mary Rose carried a crew of naval officers and sailors, a
fighting force of gunners and soldiers, a Barber-surgeon, several
ship's carpenters and skilled navigators. Of nearly 500 men, fewer
than 40 survived the sinking on 19th July 1545. Trapped by netting,
or below deck, they stood little chance, and their bodies and
belongings went to the bottom of the sea. Excavation of the hull
and contents produced a huge collection of objects that together
make up a detailed picture of what life was like on board. Before
the Mast explores how the men of the Mary Rose lived, through their
surviving possessions; how they were fed; their music and
recreation, medicine and provision for illness and injury, as well
as working practices: carpentry and maintenance, stowage,
navigation and ship's communications. The personal possessions of
the crew included religious items, books, fishing lines and
weights, sewing kits, money, hair combs, jewellery, knives, musical
instruments and many items of clothing. The Barber-surgeon, who had
his own cabin, brought on board a fine chest filled with canisters,
bottles and pots of ointment and medicines, a variety of surgical
instruments and a fine set of razors. Another cabin nearby was
clearly occupied by the ship's carpenters whose toolkit included
planes, adzes, axes, hammers and drills, as well as pitch pots and
special mallets for patching up leaks in the ship's hull. The
ship's navigators had the best in sixteenth century compasses. The
ship's galley was in the hold and this area in particular produced
many examples of wooden and pewter plates, bowls, pots, bread
troughs, and tankards, as well as barrels and baskets still
containing beef, pork, fish and fruit. The volume also includes an
analysis of the human remains providing evidence for the stature
and age range of the men most were under 30 their health, and
injuries sustained. Before the Mast is now available again in a two
volume edition published by Oxbow Books.
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