The area of eastern Africa, which includes Tanzania and Kenya,
is known for its savannas, wildlife and tribal peoples. Alongside
these iconic images lie concerns about environmental degradation,
declining wildlife populations, and about worsening poverty of
pastoral peoples. East Africa presents in microcosm the paradox so
widely seen across sub Saharan Africa, where the world s poorest
and most vulnerable populations live alongside some of the world s
most outstanding biodiversity resources.
Over the last decade or so, community conservation has emerged
as a way out of poverty and environmental problems for these rural
populations, focusing on the sustainable use of wildlife to
generate income that could underpin equally sustainable
development. Given the enduring interest in East African wildlife,
and the very large tourist income it generates, these communities
and ecosystems seem a natural case for green development based on
community conservation.
This volume is focused on the livelihoods of the Maasai in two
different countries - Kenya and Tanzania. This cross-border
comparative analysis looks at what people do, why they choose to do
it, with what success and with what implications for wildlife. The
comparative approach makes it possible to unpack the interaction of
conservation and development, to identify the main drivers of
livelihoods change and the main outcomes of wildlife conservation
or other land use policies, while controlling for confounding
factors in these semi-arid and perennially variable systems. This
synthesis draws out lessons about the successes and failures of
community conservation-based approach to development in Maasailand
under different national political and economic contexts and
different local social and historical particularities. "
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