Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices integrate and scale down laboratory
functions and processes to a miniaturized chip format. Many LOC
devices are used in a wide array of biomedical and other analytical
applications including rapid pathogen detection, clinical
diagnosis, forensic science, electrophoresis, flow cytometry, blood
chemistry analysis, protein analysis, and DNA analysis. LOC devices
can be fabricated from many types of material including various
polymers, glass, or silicon - or combinations of these materials. A
broad variety of fabrication technologies are used for LOC device
fabrication. LOC systems have several common features including
microfluidics and sensing capabilities. Microfluidics deals with
fluid flow in tiny channels using flow control devices (e.g.
channels, pumps, mixers, and valves). Sensing capabilities, usually
optical or electrochemical sensors, can also be integrated into the
chip. This invaluable book describes the latest methods and novel
technologies being developed for the fabrication of LOC devices and
the new approaches for fluid control and manipulation. Expert
authors from around the world describe and discuss the newest
technologies for the prototyping of devices, including replication
and direct machining methods of fabrication. Part I of the book
covers all aspects of fabrication including laser micromachining,
silicon and glass micromachining, PMMA and COC microfluidic
substrates, and xurography (LOC prototyping with a cutting
plotter). Part II focuses on fluid control and manipulation for LOC
systems. As well as providing examples of the use of pumps in
microfluidics, the topics covered include electrokinetic pumping
(electroosmois), electrochemical pumping and electrowetting, and
the fabrication of a microchip for rapid polymerase chain reaction
(PCR). This comprehensive volume presents the current technologies
in the field and includes theoretical and technical information to
enable both the understanding of the technology and the
reproduction of experiments. The book will help the reader to
understand current LOC technologies, to perform similar
experiments, to design new LOC systems, and to develop new
methodologies and applications. It is an essential book for
biologists and clinicians using LOC technology and developing
applications and also for engineering, chemical, and physical
science researchers developing analytical technologies. It will
also be useful as a teaching tool for bioengineering, biomedical
engineering, and biology.
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