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Pacific Women in Politics - Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands (Paperback)
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Pacific Women in Politics - Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands (Paperback)
Series: Topics in the Contemporary Pacific
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Women are significantly underrepresented in politics in the Pacific
Islands, given that only one in twenty Pacific parliamentarians are
female, compared to one in five globally. A common, but
controversial, method of increasing the number of women in politics
is the use of gender quotas, or measures designed to ensure a
minimum level of women's representation. In those cases where
quotas have been effective, they have managed to change the face of
power in previously male-dominated political spheres. How do
political actors in the Pacific islands region make sense of the
success (or failure) of parliamentary gender quota campaigns? To
answer the question, Kerryn Baker explores the workings of four
campaigns in the region. In Samoa, the campaign culminated in a
""safety net"" quota to guarantee a minimum level of
representation, set at five female members of Parliament. In Papua
New Guinea, between 2007 and 2012 there were successive campaigns
for nominated and reserved seats in parliament, without success,
although the constitution was amended in 2011 to allow for the
possibility of reserved seats for women. In post-conflict
Bougainville, women campaigned for reserved seats during the
constitution-making process and eventually won three reserved seats
in the House of Representatives, as well as one reserved
ministerial position. Finally, in the French Pacific territories of
New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna, Baker finds
that there were campaigns both for and against the implementation
of the so-called ""parity laws."" Baker argues that the meanings of
success in quota campaigns, and related notions of gender and
representation, are interpreted by actors through drawing on
different traditions, and renegotiating and redefining them
according to their goals, pressures, and dilemmas. Broadening the
definition of success thus is a key to an understanding of
realities of quota campaigns. Pacific Women in Politics is a
pathbreaking work that offers an original contribution to gender
relations within the Pacific and to contemporary Pacific politics.
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