This Element introduces the philosophical literature on values in
science by examining four questions: (1) How do values influence
science? (2) Should we actively incorporate values in science? (3)
How can we manage values in science responsibly? (4) What are some
next steps for those who want to help promote responsible roles for
values in science? It explores arguments for and against the
"value-free ideal" for science (i.e., the notion that values should
be excluded from scientific reasoning) and concludes that it should
be rejected. Nonetheless, this does not mean that value influences
are always acceptable. The Element explores a range of strategies
for distinguishing between appropriate and inappropriate value
influences. It concludes by proposing an approach for managing
values in science that relies on justifying, prioritising, and
implementing norms for scientific research practices and
institutions.
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