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Mukat's People - The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California (Paperback)
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Mukat's People - The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California (Paperback)
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From the Introduction by Lowell J. Bean:An apparent dichotomy
exists in scientific circles concerning the role of religion and
belief systems and a similar dichotomy exists among anthropological
theorists. Two assumptions seem to prevail: ritual and world view
are more ecologically nonadaptive than adaptive; or ritual and
world view are more ecologically adaptive than they are
nonadaptive. To examine the relevancy of the opposing theoretical
views I will develop hypotheses concerning a particular culture,
the Cahuilla Indians of Southern California, which will be used as
a test case. I will present two sets of hypotheses which logically
follow from each of the assumptions. From the first assumption I
suggest that the economic needs of society are impeded by ritual
actions which are not only wasteful of productive goods but
decrease the production of goods; they take people away from
productive activities because of ritual obligations: and . from the
second I suggest that the economic needs of society are impeded by
normative and existential postulates (for definition see page 16o)
which indicate that valuable resources are outside the realm of the
economic order; these postulates are disruptive to the production
of goods by encouraging people to behave in such a way that they
are taken away from productive activity. From this latter viewpoint
two other hypotheses follow: the ecoiwmic needs of society are
facilitated by ritual action which conserves and increases the
production of goods and fosters productive activity by directing
personnel toward producing activities; and the economic needs of
society are facilitated by normative and existential postulates
which foster the use of valuable economic resources and increase
the productive process by directing behavior which involves people
in productive activities. The validity of the hypotheses will be
tested by asking specific questions related to the hypotheses. The
questions are:Were goods wasted because of ritual action? Did
ritual action take people away from productive activities or did it
direct people to produce more goods? Were valuable resources placed
outside the realm of economic order by existential postulates? Did
normative postulates disrupt the production of goods by rewarding
behavior which took people away from productive activity? Or did it
reward behavior which fostered the production of goods? Additional
questions are: Did ritual and world view encourage the full and
rational use of the Cahuilla environment? Did ritual and world view
aid in adjusting man-land ratios? Did ritual and world view support
a social structure and organization which was adaptive to an
environmental base? Did ritual and world view support institutions
that were adaptive, such as law, property concepts, warfare, and
games? Did ritual and world view have regulatory functions? Did
ritual and world view stimulate or facilitate the distribution of
economic goods from one part of the system to another? Did ritual
and world view limit the frequency and extent of conflict over
valuable resources?
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