Are languages incommensurate? If so, how do people establish and
maintain hypothetical equivalences between words and their
meanings? What does it mean to translate one culture into the
language of another on the basis of commonly conceived
equivalences?
This study -- bridging contemporary theory Chinese history,
comparative literature, and culture studies -- analyzes the
historical interactions among China, japan. and the West in terms
of "translingual practice." By this term, the author refers to the
process by which new words, meanings, discourses, and modes of
representation arose, circulated, and acquired legitimacy in early
modern China as it contacted/collided with European/Japanese
languages and literatures. In reexamining the rise of modern
Chinese literature in this context, the book asks three central
questions: How did "modernity" and "the West" become legitimized in
May Fourth literary discourse? What happened to native agency in
this complex process of legitimation? How did the Chinese national
culture imagine and interpret its own moment of unfolding?
After the first chapter, which deals with the theoretical
issues, ensuing chapters treat particular instances of translingual
practice such as national character, individualism, stylistic
innovations, first-person narration, and canon formation. The
author reexamines the works of Lu Xun, Lao She, Shi Zhicun, Ding
Ling, Xiao Hong, and others in this light, and concludes by probing
the unprecedented conditions under which Chinese writers and
critics moved from confidence in the absolute centrality of their
civilization to rethinking Chinese literature and culture as one
among many national literatures and cultures.Inshort, what does it
mean to be Zhongguo ren (men and women of the Middle Kingdom) in
terms of what is not of the Middle Kingdom?
An appendix lists and classifies over 1,800 loanwords and
neologisms introduced into modern Chinese before 1950, the largest
annotated collection to be found a
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