The mystery of how an Islamic dictatorship came to power remains
more than thirty years after the Islamic Republic's inception in
Iran. The precise nature of a regime that calls itself both a
republic and Islamic but is neither is little understood. The
ayatollahs' unpopularity may have reached unprecedented heights,
but their power seems more secure. Such paradoxes weigh heavily and
judgments diverge. While public opinion wonders how an archaic
theocratic regime could survive so long, some explain it in terms
of Iran's continued modernization and the clergy's ability to
reconcile itself with politics.
Understanding the modernization process propelled by the
Constitutional Revolution is difficult and raises questions. How
and why could ideological Islam continue to dominate Iranian
society since the late 1970s? How did it gain power and influence
and overcome the reforms molded by the Constitutional Revolution?
Mahnaz Shirali analyzes twentieth-century Iranian history to
understand the Shiite clergy's role in a modernized country's
social and political organization. She explains what enabled the
clergy to take over prevailing political forces and gain control of
the state.
Studying Iran's history for the past one hundred years reveals
the force of a religious conservatism opposing political modernity,
repelling any attempt at democracy by Iranians, thanks to its
constant metamorphoses. Shirali studies the curse of the Shiite
clergy on political modernity. It is a convincing, in-depth
criticism of the ideological Islam imposed on Iran.
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