Why are some countries better than others at science and technology
(S&T)? Written in an approachable style, The Politics of
Innovation provides readers from all backgrounds and levels of
expertise a comprehensive introduction to the debates over national
S&T competitiveness. It synthesizes over fifty years of theory
and research on national innovation rates, bringing together the
current political and economic wisdom, and latest findings, about
how nations become S&T leaders. Many experts mistakenly believe
that domestic institutions and policies determine national
innovation rates. However, after decades of research, there is
still no agreement on precisely how this happens, exactly which
institutions matter, and little aggregate evidence has been
produced to support any particular explanation. Yet, despite these
problems, a core faith in a relationship between domestic
institutions and national innovation rates remains widely held and
little challenged. The Politics of Innovation confronts head-on
this contradiction between theory, evidence, and the popularity of
the institutions-innovation hypothesis. It presents extensive
evidence to show that domestic institutions and policies do not
determine innovation rates. Instead, it argues that social networks
are as important as institutions in determining national innovation
rates. The Politics of Innovation also introduces a new theory of
"creative insecurity" which explains how institutions, policies,
and networks are all subservient to politics. It argues that,
ultimately, each country's balance of domestic rivalries vs.
external threats, and the ensuing political fights, are what drive
S&T competitiveness. In making its case, The Politics of
Innovation draws upon statistical analysis and comparative case
studies of the United States, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan,
Thailand, the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Canada,
Turkey, Israel, Russia and a dozen countries across Western Europe.
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