Although there is general agreement that exogenous electric and
electromagnetic fields influence and modulate the properties of
biological systems. there is no concensus regarding the mechanisms
by which such fields operate. It is the purpose of this volume to
bring together and examine critically the mechanistic models and
concepts that have been proposed. We have chosen to arrange the
papers in terms of the level of biological organization emphasized
by the contributors. Some papers overlap categories. but the
progression from ions and membrane surfaces. through macromolecules
and the membrane matrix to integrated systems. establishes a
mechanistic chain of causality that links the basic interactions in
the relatively well understood simple systems to the complex living
systems. where all effects occur simultaneously. The backgrounds of
the invited contributors include biochemistry. biophysics. cell
biology. electrical engineering. electrochemistry.
electrophysiology. medicine and physical chemistry. As a result of
this diversity. the mechanistic models reflect the differing
approaches used by these disciplines to explain the same phenomena.
Areas of agreement define the common ground. while the areas of
divergence provide opportunities for refining our ideas through
further experimentation. To facilitate the interaction between the
different points of view, the authors have clearly indicated those
published observations that they are trying to explain. i.e. the
experiments that have been critical in their thinking. This should
establish a concensus regarding important observations. In the
discussion of theories.
General
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