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A Natural History of Human Morality (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R841
Discovery Miles 8 410
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A Natural History of Human Morality (Hardcover)
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A Natural History of Human Morality offers the most detailed
account to date of the evolution of human moral psychology. Based
on extensive experimental data comparing great apes and human
children, Michael Tomasello reconstructs how early humans gradually
became an ultra-cooperative and, eventually, a moral species. There
were two key evolutionary steps, each founded on a new way that
individuals could act together as a plural agent "we". The first
step occurred as ecological challenges forced early humans to
forage together collaboratively or die. To coordinate these
collaborative activities, humans evolved cognitive skills of joint
intentionality, ensuring that both partners knew together the
normative standards governing each role. To reduce risk,
individuals could make an explicit joint commitment that "we"
forage together and share the spoils together as equally deserving
partners, based on shared senses of trust, respect, and
responsibility. The second step occurred as human populations grew
and the division of labor became more complex. Distinct cultural
groups emerged that demanded from members loyalty, conformity, and
cultural identity. In becoming members of a new cultural "we",
modern humans evolved cognitive skills of collective
intentionality, resulting in culturally created and objectified
norms of right and wrong that everyone in the group saw as
legitimate morals for anyone who would be one of "us". As a result
of this two-stage process, contemporary humans possess both a
second-personal morality for face-to-face engagement with
individuals and a group-minded "objective" morality that obliges
them to the moral community as a whole.
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