Biodiversity-the genetic variety of life-is an exuberant product of
the evolutionary past, a vast human-supportive resource (aesthetic,
intellectual, and material) of the present, and a rich legacy to
cherish and preserve for the future. Two urgent challenges, and
opportunities, for 21st-century science are to gain deeper insights
into the evolutionary processes that foster biotic diversity, and
to translate that understanding into workable solutions for the
regional and global crises that biodiversity currently faces. A
grasp of evolutionary principles and processes is important in
other societal arenas as well, such as education, medicine,
sociology, and other applied fields including agriculture,
pharmacology, and biotechnology. The ramifications of evolutionary
thought also extend into learned realms traditionally reserved for
philosophy and religion. The central goal of the In the Light of
Evolution (ILE) series is to promote the evolutionary sciences
through state-of-the-art colloquia-in the series of Arthur M.
Sackler colloquia sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences-and
their published proceedings. Each installment explores evolutionary
perspectives on a particular biological topic that is
scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to
contemporary societal issues or challenges. This book is the
outgrowth of the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "Cooperation and
Conflict," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences
on January 7-8, 2011, at the Academy's Arnold and Mabel Beckman
Center in Irvine, California. It is the fifth in a series of
colloquia under the general title "In the Light of Evolution." The
current volume explores recent developments in the study of
cooperation and conflict, ranging from the level of the gene to
societies and symbioses. Humans can be vicious, but paradoxically
we are also among nature's great cooperators. Even our great
conflicts-wars-are extremely cooperative endeavors on each side.
Some of this cooperation is best understood culturally, but we are
also products of evolution, with bodies, brains, and behaviors
molded by natural selection. How cooperation evolves has been one
of the big questions in evolutionary biology, and how it pays or
does not pay is a great intellectual puzzle. The puzzle of
cooperation was the dominant theme of research in the early years
of Darwin's research, whereas recent work has emphasized its
importance and ubiquity. Far from being a rare trait shown by
social insects and a few others, cooperation is both widespread
taxonomically and essential to life. The depth of research on
cooperation and conflict has increased greatly, most notably in the
direction of small organisms. Although most of In the Light of
Evolution V: Cooperation and Conflict is about the new topics that
are being treated as part of social evolution, such as genes,
microbes, and medicine, the old fundamental subjects still matter
and remain the object of vigorous research. The first four chapters
revisit some of these standard arenas, including social insects,
cooperatively breeding birds, mutualisms, and how to model social
evolution. Table of Contents Front Matter Part I: THE FUNDAMENTALS
OFEVOLUTIONARY COOPERATION 1 Expanded Social Fitness and Hamilton's
Rule for Kin, Kith, and Kind--DAVID C. QUELLER 2 Evolutionary
Transitions in Bacterial Symbiosis--JOEL L. SACHS, RYAN G.
SKOPHAMMER, and JOHN U. REGUS 3 Kinship, Greenbeards, and Runaway
Social Selection in the Evolution of Social Insect
Cooperation--PETER NONACS 4 Spatiotemporal Environmental Variation,
Risk Aversion, and the Evolution of Cooperative Breeding as a
Bet-Hedging Strategy--DUSTIN R. RUBENSTEIN Part II: COOPERATION
WRIT SMALL: MICROBES 5 Endemic Social Diversity Within Natural Kin
Groups of a Cooperative Bacterium--SUSANNE A. KRAEMER and GREGORY
J. VELICER 6 Evolution of Restraint in a Structured
RockPaperScissors Community--JOSHUA R. NAHUM, BRITTANY N. HARDING,
and BENJAMIN KERR 7 Social Evolution in Multispecies Biofilms--SARA
MITRI, JOO B. XAVIER, and KEVIN R. FOSTER Part III: REAL SELFISH
(AND COOPERATIVE) GENES 8 Molecular Evolutionary Analyses of Insect
Societies--BRIELLE J. FISCHMAN, S. HOLLIS WOODARD, and GENE E.
ROBINSON 9 Evolution of Cooperation and Control of Cheating in a
Social Microbe--JOAN E. STRASSMANN and DAVID C. QUELLER 10 Selfish
Genetic Elements, Genetic Conflict, and Evolutionary
Innovation--JOHN H. WERREN Part IV: SOCIALITY AND MEDICINE 11 The
Evolution of Drug Resistance and the Curious Orthodoxy of
Aggressive Chemotherapy--ANDREW F. READ, TROY DAY, and SILVIE
HUIJBEN 12 Genomic Imprinting and the Evolutionary Psychology of
Human Kinship--DAVID HAIG 13 Pathology from Evolutionary Conflict,
with a Theory of X Chromosome Versus Autosome Conflict over
Sexually Antagonistic Traits--STEVEN A. FRANK and BERNARD J. CRESPI
Part V: ARE HUMANS DIFFERENT? 14 Cooperation and Competition in a
Cliff-Dwelling People--BEVERLY I. STRASSMANN 15 Extent and Limits
of Cooperation in Animals--DOROTHY L. CHENEY 16 Evolutionary
Foundations of Human Prosocial Sentiments--JOAN B. SILK and BAILEY
R. HOUSE 17 The Cultural Niche: Why Social Learning Is Essential
for Human Adaptation--ROBERT BOYD, PETER J. RICHERSON, and JOSEPH
HENRICH References Index
General
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