Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad, but these feelings are
usually fleeting and pass within a couple of days. When a woman has
a depressive disorder, it interferes with daily life and normal
functioning, and causes pain for both the woman with the disorder
and those who care about her. Depression is a common but serious
illness, and most who have it need treatment to get better.
Depression affects both men and women, but more women than men are
likely to be diagnosed with depression in any given year. Efforts
to explain this difference are ongoing, as researchers explore
certain factors (biological, social, etc.) that are unique to
women. Many women with a depressive illness never seek treatment.
But the vast majority, even those with the most severe depression,
can get better with treatment. There are several forms of
depressive disorders that occur in both women and men. The most
common are major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder. Minor
depression is also common. Major depressive disorder, also called
major depression, is characterized by a combination of symptoms
that interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat,
and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is
disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally. An
episode of major depression may occur only once in a person's
lifetime, but more often, it recurs throughout a person's life.
Dysthymic disorder, also called dysthymia, is characterized by
depressive symptoms that are long-term (e.g., 2 years or longer)
but less severe than those of major depression. Dysthymia may not
disable a person, but it prevents one from functioning normally or
feeling well. People with dysthymia may also experience one or more
episodes of major depression during their lifetimes. Minor
depression may also occur. Symptoms of minor depression are similar
to major depression and dysthymia, but they are less severe and/or
are usually shorter term. Some forms of depressive disorder have
slightly different characteristics than those described above, or
they may develop under unique circumstances. However, not all
scientists agree on how to characterize and define these forms of
depression. They include the following: Psychotic depression occurs
when a severe depressive illness is accompanied by some form of
psychosis, such as a break with reality; seeing, hearing, smelling
or feeling things that others can't detect (hallucinations); and
having strong beliefs that are false, such as believing you are the
president (delusions). Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is
characterized by a depressive illness during the winter months,
when there is less natural sunlight. The depression generally lifts
during spring and summer. SAD may be effectively treated with light
therapy, but nearly half of those with SAD do not respond to light
therapy alone. Antidepressant medication and psychotherapy also can
reduce SAD symptoms, either alone or in combination with light
therapy.
General
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