At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the National Park
Service (NPS) faces a daunting challenge in its mission: to
preserve and protect the natural and cultural resources within the
nearly 400 national park units while providing transportation
systems adequate to accommodate growing visitation-up from 220
million recreation visits in 1980 to more than 277 million in 2002,
an increase of more than 25 percent. Because one traditional
response-building additional transportation infrastructure-is no
longer considered a sustainable or desirable solution to park
access, congestion, and environmental problems, meeting this
challenge requires careful transportation planning and
consideration of new methods and technologies. One such set of
technologies, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), represents
practical alternatives to building new or expanded roads as the
only solution to meeting growing travel demand. NPS has already
deployed ITS technologies in several parks; experiences to date
indicate that there are many other circumstances under which ITS
has the potential to help NPS better manage its transportation
systems.
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