Books > Earth & environment > Earth sciences > Geology & the lithosphere > Geological surface processes (geomorphology)
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Landscapes and Landforms of Eastern Canada (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2020)
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Landscapes and Landforms of Eastern Canada (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2020)
Series: World Geomorphological Landscapes
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This critical book focuses on the geomorphological landscapes of
eastern Canada and provides a companion volume to "Landscapes and
Landforms of Western Canada" (2017). There are a number of unique
characteristics of eastern Canada's landscapes, notably its
magnificent coastlines, the extraordinary variety and extent of
wetlands, the huge Great Lakes-St. Lawrence basin, the high
incidence of meteorite craters, the spectacular Niagara Falls,
urban karst in Montreal and Ottawa, youthful, glaciated karst in
Ontario, Newfoundland, Quebec and Nova Scotia, the ubiquitous
permafrost terrain of Nunavut, Labrador and northern Quebec and the
magnificent arctic fjords and glaciers. Looking at coastlines, the
tidal extremes of the Bay of Fundy are world renowned; the
structural complexity of the island of Newfoundland is less well
known, but produces an astounding variety of coastlines in close
succession; the arctic fjordlands of Baffin and Ellesmere islands
and the extravagant raised beaches of Hudson Bay bear comparison
with the classic fjords of Norway and the Baltic Sea raised
beaches. As for wetlands, there are distinctive Arctic, Subarctic,
Boreal, Eastern Temperate and Atlantic wetlands, and their extent
is second only to those of Russia. In the Hudson and James Bay
regions, between 75-100% of the terrestrial surface is comprised of
wetlands. One of North America's largest river basins, the Great
Lakes-St. Lawrence basin, has its source in Minnesota, straddles
the USA-Canada border and debouches into Quebec as the St. Lawrence
River and evolves through its estuary into the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, a journey of almost 5,000 km. As far as meteorite craters
are concerned, 10% of the world's total are located in eastern
Canada, including some of the largest and most complex landforms.
They are preserved preferentially in the ancient Shield terrain of
Quebec. Finally, the three million km(2) of permafrost controlled
relief in eastern Canada serves as a reminder of the vulnerability
of eastern Canada's landscapes to climate change. Effects of
warming are expressed through thawing of the permafrost, disruption
of transportation corridors and urban construction problems,
ever-present geomorphic hazards.
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