Riparian ecosystems occur in semi-terrestrial areas adjacent to
water bodies and are influenced by freshwater. Riparian wetlands
are defined as land areas adjacent to perennial, intermittent, and
ephemeral streams, lakes or rivers. As a result, these areas have
high water tables and periodic flooding. They support a wide range
of wetland vegetation including emergent macrophytes, grasses and
trees. Riparian zones and wetlands are among the most vulnerable
natural ecosystems to both climate change and human impact, and
they are likely to represent important hot spots for climate change
adaptation. The riparian ecosystems, located at the interface
between water and land, are extremely dynamic environments in terms
of structure, function, diversity and strength of abiotic-biotic
feedbacks. Nowadays, the riparian wetlands are strongly affected by
both global climate change and human activity. For these reasons,
there is a steady and even abrupt increase of scientific
publications linked to riparian problems. A web search of
"riparian" as a topic yielded more than 16,000 papers published
between 1950 and 2015, with 7,000 of them have been published over
the past five years and 10,500 produced over the preceding sixty
years. This rise of scientific interest is, however, strongly
biased geographically. A search of "riparian" in the titles of
4,773 scientific publications (1950-2015) yields high geographical
bias with papers studying all aspects of riparian zones in the
United States, Brazil, China, Canada, Africa and Europe,
respectively, and only one in Russia. This book is intended to
partially fill this gap by presenting nine chapters describing the
studies of riparian and flood plain zones of Russia. The fourteen
chapters of the book, written by the experts in the field of
landscape geography, biogeochemistry, GIS techniques and biology
cover two of the most important riparian zones of the world: the
Amazon varzea and the Ob/Irtysh floodplains. A multidisciplinary
approach across wide geographical scales and various techniques
presented in this book will be interesting for a large community of
scholars, students, and researchers from academic and private
organisations.
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