Increasing evidence indicates that inflammatory cells and
immunological cytokines can enter into the brain and modulate a
number of biological and cognitive functions. Under physiological
conditions, only a few immune cells, such as: macrophages,
lymphocytes and dendritic cells can cross the blood-brain barrier
and gain access to neural tissue. For many years, these findings
supported the notion that the brain was an immunologically
privileged organ. To date, increasing evidence strongly challenges
this conjecture. In fact, neuroinflammation triggers a significant
infiltration of immune cells into the cerebral parenchyma. The
infiltration of inflammatory cells is accompanied by the release of
a number of cytokines that target neurons, astrocytes and
microglia. This interaction between the immune system and the
central nervous system modulates many cerebral functions, such as:
neural remodelling, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter
releasing, stress-associated response, cognitive and mental disease
progression, and others. The book summarises the latest
discoveries, from basic to clinical science, regarding the
interactions between the immunological mediators and the neural
tissue under physiological and pathological conditions. In this
book, it is discussed the influence of immune cells and cytokines
in neural-regulated systems. Herein, the readers can find
comprehensive descriptions in diverse fields, such as: lipids and
obesity, neuronal activity, neurotransmission, stress pathogenesis,
rheumatologic diseases, spinal cord injuries, regulation of neural
stem cells, neural control of reproduction, and others. To ensure
that most of readers obtain clear and complete information, all
chapters have been written by prominent experts in their respective
fields, who explain these topics with a very accessible language.
In summary, this book represents a highly-updated compendium about
the interactions between the central nervous system and the immune
system that could be very useful for undergraduate students,
postgraduate students, academic educators or trainers, basic
science researchers and clinical physicians.
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