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Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985)
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Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985)
Series: Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 48
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The metabolic products of micro-organisms can be classified either
as compounds of primary metabolic concern or else as secondary
metabolites - substances which are apparently non-essential to the
producing or- ganism. Fungi have a remarkable capacity to produce
such secondary metabolites, e. g. mycotoxins with a diverse array
of structural and pharmacological properties (1). The present
resurgence of interest in all aspects of mycotoxin research (2, 3)
can be related to the impact of the hepatotoxins (aflatoxin,
sporidesmin, and phomopsin), nephrotoxins (ochratoxin and
citrinin), and dermal toxins (trichothecenes) on human and animal
health. Some of the mycotoxins appear to act at the level of the
central nervous system. Ergotism, the earliest known mycotoxicosis,
that is a disease caused by mycotoxins, was attributed to the
contamination of wheat by the parasitic neurotoxin-producing
fungus, C/aviceps purpurea. These neuro- toxins elaborated by C.
purpurea are collectively called the ergot toxins (4). The
neurotoxin, citreoviridin (1) which causes paralysis in the
extremities of laboratory animals, followed sometimes by
convulsions and respiratory arrest, has been implicated in acute
cardiac beri-beri in Japan (5). Tremoring has not been associated
with citreoviridin or the structurally related aurovertins (2) (6)
and asteltoxin (3) (7); these compounds are therefore excluded from
this review. However, verrucosidin (4) (8), a tremorgenic compound
which structurally resembles (1)-(3), will be described later.
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