Dust is ubiquitous in the universe and responsible for stellar and
planetary formation. Virtually all previous studies have considered
the dust particulates to be a charge neutral component. Satellite
missions such as Voyager revealed the extent to which charged dust
plays a role in astrophysics. In most areas dust exists in the
presence of a dilute plasma. In such a plasma environment the dust
becomes charged to a variety of processes (eg photo-ionisation,
collisions with electrons and ions, thermionic emission etc).
Closer to home in the Earth's mesosphere, rocket measurements and
radar observations conclusively demonstrate the importance of
charged dust in forming complex structures responsible for Polar
Mesospheric Summer Echoes. This book is the outcome of a periodic
collaboration between a small group of scientists meeting twice a
year at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern,
Switzerland over a period of three years. The book begins with a
description of the fundamental physical processes which
characterise dusty plasmas. Starting with charging and shielding of
isolated dust particles in a plasma environment, the review
progresses to non-linear dust dynamics of spherical and irregular
dust. In an ensemble of a dust plasma system collective processes
begin to manifest themselves in the form of new wave modes and
instabilities which play an important role in the collective
behaviour displayed in space and astrophysical environment. Finally
more exotic topics, such as the Ising model for irregular dust
grain alignment, classical Casimir forces and chargeons are
explored.
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